Download Reconstruction Review Reconstruction was the period in American

Reconstruction Review
Reconstruction was the period in American history, which lasted from the end of
the Civil War in _______ until ______. Reconstruction was the federal government’s
plan to __________ and _____________ the states of the former _________________.
In other words, during Reconstruction the federal government tried to rebuild the
_________ and restore the _________ after the Civil War. Reconstruction had at least
three results. First, Southern whites resented (felt displeasure with or irritation toward)
both ______________ and _______________, because they blamed them for the South’s
war-time devastation and poverty. Second, at the end of Reconstruction _________
regained complete control of the South. Third, the political gains made by former slaves
during Reconstruction were_____________.
President Abraham Lincoln favored a mild Reconstruction plan. Lincoln argued
that since secession was _________, the Southern states had never really ________ the
Union. Therefore, Lincoln believed Reconstruction was a matter of quickly __________
state governments, which were _________ to the Union. President Lincoln did / did not
want to punish the South after the Civil War. He did /did not want to reunify the nation
as quickly as possible. In his second inaugural address Lincoln expressed these ideas
when he said, “With __________ towards _______, with _________ for all…let us
_________ up the nation’s __________….”
A few days after the Civil War ended with Lee’s surrender at Appomattox
Courthouse, John Wilkes Booth ___________ Abraham Lincoln. Vice President
__________ ____________ succeeded Lincoln as President of the United States. The
new president quickly clashed with the ____________ ______________, who controlled
Congress. The Radical Republicans wanted to ______________ the South for
____________ the Civil War. They believed the federal government’s policy of
Reconstruction should include the _____________ occupation of the South and an
insistence on _________ __________ for African-Americans. (The term military
occupation meant the Southern states would be under the rule of the ___. ___. _______.)
The Radical Republicans completely disagreed with _________ ____________ on the
issue of civil rights for ____________. (Freedmen were the _________ _________.)
After President Johnson tried to block the Radicals’ program on behalf of the freedmen,
the Radical Republicans _____________ him.
Impeachment is the process of bringing formal __________ ________ a
government official for misconduct in office. Under the Constitution, impeachment does
/ does not necessarily mean an official is removed from office. The Constitution provides
that only the _________ of ______________ can impeach a government official, while
only the ___________ can remove the impeached official from office. The Radical
Republicans failed to remove _________ __________ from the presidency by a single
vote in the United States Senate.
Nevertheless, the impeachment of President Johnson weakened his presidency
and enabled the __________ _____________ to pass most of their Reconstruction
program into law. This program included the ____, the ____, and the _____
Amendments to the United States Constitution. These three amendments formed the
major political results of ______________. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished
___________. The Fourteenth Amendment granted American ___________ to African-
Americans. It also guaranteed all Americans “_______ ____________ of the laws.”
The Fifteenth Amendment gave African-American males the right to _______.
Reconstruction also had important social and economic results. First, the Civil
War had _____________ the Southern states. Consequently, the South remained the
__________ section of the United States for decades to come. Second, because of the
manufacturing necessary to support the Northern war machine, the North and Midwest
had developed strong ___________ economies. This growth in industry contributed to
the ________________ of the entire nation, except the ________, during the second half
of the nineteenth century. As a result, by the beginning of the twentieth century, the
United States had become a __________ ____________ power. Third, soon after the
Civil War ended, the first _______________ railroad was completed at Promontory,
Utah. Since, by definition, the term transcontinental means ________ a _____________,
this railroad linked the __________ and ___________ coasts of the United States by an
efficient means of transportation. The transcontinental railroad also stimulated
(encouraged) the ____________ movement of settlers in to the states between the
______________ River and the ___________ Ocean.
In the 1876 presidential election neither candidate won a clear majority of
electoral votes. Under the Constitution, electoral votes are the _________ votes for
president. One candidate must win a ___________ of the electoral votes in order to win
a presidential election. Therefore, the _____________ votes are the official votes for
president. The number of electoral votes each state has equals its number of members in
the _________ of ___________ plus ______ for its United States senators.
The disputed election of 1876 led to the end of Reconstruction. In 1877 a group
of Southern __________ made a deal with ____________ leaders. This deal was called
the _____________ of ________. Under the terms of this compromise, Southern
Democrats agreed to accept the election of the Republican presidential candidate
Rutherford B. Hayes in return for an end to Reconstruction, including the withdrawal of
federal __________ from the South.
Reconstruction's end returned former ______________ to power in the Southern
states. These former Confederates controlled the _____________ Party, which became
the dominant political party throughout the Southern states. The Republican party was so
weak in the Southern states and the Democrats so strong that the region became known as
the "Solid South." This term meant the Southern states would consistently vote for
____________ candidates in state, local, and national elections
The end of Reconstruction also led to the rise of the "_______ ________ Era."
This was the period in American history when Southern states required ________
_____________ in public schools, transportation, and other public facilities. Racial
segregation is defined as _____________ of the races. As a result of the passage of "Jim
Crow" laws, Southern African-Americans lost most of the political gains made during
_______________. For example, few African-Americans in the South were allowed to
_______ or serve on _________. In short, after Reconstruction ended, most AfricanAmericans, who lived in the ________, were denied the full rights of American
citizenship until the mid-1960s.