Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Why the Ocean? • Regions that contain characteristic organisms that interact with one another and with their environment • They can be divided into two categories: – Horizontal Zones – Vertical Zones • On the beach where the water doesn’t reach, extending to the sand dunes • Also called the splash zone • Where you put your blanket down! • Salty sea spray from crashing waves limits plant growth, but some grasses, trees, and shrubs can grow in the upper supratidal zone • Long line of seaweed and debris that marks the point of high tide • It forms the boundary between the supratidal zone and the intertidal zone • The area located between the strandline (high tide) and low tide • Also called the littoral zone • Since tides go in and out each day, the organisms who live in this zone are well adapted to alternating periods between wet and dry: they are able to bury themselves in the sand or attach themselves to rocks • Organisms that live in this zone include snails, clams, crabs, and worms Inside a Tide Pool Squid Trapped in a Tidal Pool • The area of the coast that is completely submerged in water • An area of heavy wave impact • Organisms here have adaptations to cling to hard substrates to avoid being swept away • Sponges, sea stars, sand dollars, mussels, clams, barnacles, and flat fish like flounder • Largest life zone in the ocean, all areas of the ocean above the bottom • Vast region where large schools of fish and marine mammals swim freely • Can be divided into the neritic zone and the oceanic zone • The part of the pelagic zone that is above the continental shelf (fewer than 200 meters deep) • Most commercial fishing takes place here • The water is very nutrient rich due to runoff from the land • The shallow depths of this zone allow sunlight to reach the bottom, which enables photosynthetic plants to survive • The presence of plants increases the amount of oxygen in the water! • The part of the pelagic zone that extends beyond the continental shelf break • Includes most of the open ocean • The upper part receives light and the lower part does not • Photic Zone = where light reaches • It’s the area most suitable for supporting life • Most light can penetrate to an average depth of 100 meters and to a maximum depth of 200 meters • Aphotic Zone = all areas below a depth of 200 meters where light cannot penetrate • • • • • • EMBAH Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic Abyssopelagic Hadalpelagic Zone Name Nickname Depth Epipelagic Photic Zone 0-200 meters Mesopelagic Bathypelagic Abyssopelagic Hadalpelagic Twilight Zone Midnight Zone The Abyss The Trenches 201-1000 meters 1001-4000 meters 4001-6000 meters Characteristics Photosynthesis Some light, but no photosynthesis, first bioluminescent organisms Water pressure 5800 PSI (sea level is 14.7!), animals have significant fat stores for buoyancy Known low nutrients, organisms red or translucent Hydrothermal Vents where 6001 meters -Sea Floor tectonic plates diverge, undersea canyons, sea stars and giant tube worms live at vents • Includes the entire ocean floor, from the intertidal zone to the deep ocean basin • Organisms who inhabit this zone are adapted to regions of high pressure and low temperature • Organisms who live here are called benthos • The deepest part of the ocean floor • Fish and invertebrates who live here rarely swim near the surface • World's WeirdestDeep Sea Anglerfish • True Facts About the Anglerfish Bioluminescence • The production and emission of light by a living organism, caused by a chemical reaction • Bioluminescence Caught on Camera • BBC Earth- Bioluminescence