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Phosphorus
Petra Kučerová
Michaela Salajková
Physical properties
 Non-metallic
 Density: 1,83 g/cm3
 Melting point: 41 °C
 Boiling point: 277 °C
 Standart state: solid
 Colour: white, red and
black
Chemical properties
 The 15th group of
periodic table
 3 alotropic modifications
 Insoluble in water
 Soluble in carbon
disulphide
(= rozpustný v sirouhlíku)
 Biogenic element
White phosphorus
 Waxy
(= měkký jako vosk)
 Toxic
 Pyrophoric
(= samozápalný)
 Phosphorescing vapors
(= fosforeskující páry)
 Very reactive
 By heating to 250 °C changes
into the red modification
Red phosphorus
 Non-toxic
 Less reactive than the
white one
 Amorphous substance
(= amorfní látka)
 Stable on air
Black phosphorus
 Crystal structure
 Metallic lustre
(= kovový lesk)
 Heat conductor
(= vodič tepla)
 Conductor of electric
current
(= vodič el. proudu)
 The least reactive of all
modifications
 Non-toxic
History
 Discovered in 1669 by
Hennig Brand
 Isolated from urine
(= získán z moči)
 Name – from Greek Phosphoros = „bringer
of light“
Occurence
(= výskyt)
 Only compounds (apatite, phosphorite)
 Heavy occurence in the earth´s crust (= zemská kůra)
DNA, RNA
Lipids, bones
Uses 1
 Safety matches
 Pyrotechnics
 Coca-cola
 Bone-ash -
monocalcium
phosphate – baking
powder
(= kostní moučka; prášek do
pečiva)
Uses 2
 Fertilizers (= hnojiva)
 Pesticides
 Alloys (= slitiny)
 Clean agents
 Water softeners
Hazards and risks
 0,1 g of white
phosphorus is deadly
toxic
 Chronic poisoning of
white phosphorus leads
to necrosis of the jaw
(„phossy jaw“)
Thanks
for your attention