Download FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DIGESTION
PROCESS INCLUDES…
-HYDROLYSIS
-NUTRIENT
ABSORPTION
QUICK REVIEW…
HYDROLYSIS:
The process of BREAKING bonds in
polymers, forming monomers. Occurs by
adding water.
What is hydrolysis?
ENZYMES:
Catalysts that speed up the process of chemical reactions.
What is the function of enzymes?
How can enzymes assist in
digestion?
Enzymes will assist in hydrolysis of all biomolecules in our
food, allowing digestion to happen efficiently!
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
Remember levels of organization?
Where are we now?
Atom  Molecule  Macromolecule 
Organelle  Cell  Tissue  Organ 
Organ System  Organism!
FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
process by which macromolecule polymers
are broken down into their smallest parts
(monomers) so the body can absorb and
utilize them
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE TRACT (ALIMENTARY CANAL):
1. MOUTH AND PHARYNX
2. ESOPHAGUS
3. STOMACH
4. SMALL INTESTINE
5. LARGE INTESTINE
6. RECTUM
7. ANUS
Accessory Organs (helpers):
A. Salivary Glands
B. Liver
C. Gall Bladder
D. Pancreas
MOUTH
Remember…
Starches are
complex
carbohydrates!
DIGESTION BEGINS HERE
1. PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL DIGESTION=
CHEWING
2. CHEMICAL DIGESTION=
SALIVA HAS AMYLASE, AN ENZYME THAT
BREAKS DOWN STARCH
(POLYSACCHARIDES) INTO SMALLER PARTS.
SALIVARY GLANDS
PRODUCE SALIVA (WITH AMYLASE ENZYME)
TONGUE
A MUSCLE THAT PUSHES FOOD BACK.
PHARYNX/EPIGLOGTTIS
OPENING IN THE “THROAT”/SMALL FLAP OF
SKIN THAT KEEPS FOOD FROM ENTERING
THE LUNGS.
ESOPHAGUS
CONNECTS MOUTH TO
STOMACH
PERISTALSIS: MUSCLE
CONTRACTIONS THAT
MOVE FOOD DOWN.
STOMACH
1. Physical/mechanical
digestion:
muscle churning
2. Chemical digestion:
• Pepsin-enzyme breaks
down proteins
• Hydrochloric Acid
Food leaves in a liquid form
called chyme.
The stomach and mouth have
both mechanical and chemical
digestion.
LIVER
PRODUCE BILE:
A CHEMICAL THAT BREAKS
LIPIDS INTO FATTY ACIDS
GALLBLADDER
STORES THE BILE UNTIL IT IS
RELEASED.
GALLBLADDER DUCT
RELEASES THE BILE INTO THE DUODENUM.
PANCREAS
SYNTHESIZES, OR BUILDS:
HORMONES AND
MANY ENZYMES
RELEASED INTO THE
DUODENUM.
EX: LIPASE, PROTEASE, MALTASE, SUCRASE, LACTASE…
DUODENUM
BEGINNING OF THE SMALL
INTESTINES used to help
break down remaining
polymers
CHEMICAL DIGESTION:
Enzymes from the pancreas
and gallbladder come
flooding over the chyme.
Hydrolysis of the remaining
biomolecule polymers
happens here.
SMALL INTESTINE
NUTRIENTS (NOW
MONOMERS) ARE ABSORBED
BY THE SMALL INTESTINAL
VILLI. 7 meters long!
The villi takes nutrients through
the blood to cells of the body.
LARGE INTESTINE
WATER IS ABSORBED INTO THE BLOOD
STREAM, LEAVING ONLY SOLID WASTE.
RECTUM
AND ANUS
REMOVES WASTE.
APPENDIX
SMALL EXTENSION OF
THE LARGE INTESTINES.
Thought to have had a
digestive purpose in our
ancestors.