Download The SPANISH * AMERICAN WAR

Expansion through diplomacy
 Louisiana Purchase (1803)
 Spain cedes Florida (1819)
 Britain cedes Oregon





Territory (1846)
Russia sells Alaska (1867)
Gadsden Purchase (1853)
Annexation of Texas (1845)
The U.S. gains southwest
region through victory in
the Mexican War (1848)
Does Manifest Destiny just
end? Does America
continue advancing?
HAWAII
 Economy of the islands centered on the export of
tropical crops, especially sugarcane and pineapple.
American merchants used Hawaii as a pit stop going
back and forth to China.
 1893, U.S. military forces landed and
helped the planters overthrow the
queen.
 After the revolt the white planters
applied to Congress for annexation.
 Sanford B. Dole - Dole was named
president of the Provisional
Government of Hawaii that was
formed after the coup.
Serving as a friend of both Hawaiian royalty and
the elite immigrant community, Dole advocated
the westernization of Hawaiian government and
culture.
 1898 Hawaii was annexed as a U.S. Territory but does
not become a state until l959.

Cuba vs. Spain
 1868 revolutionary group largely made
up of poor whites, free blacks, and
slaves demanded independence from
Spain.
 At the same time Cuba
was coming under the
economic influence of the
United States.
 1895 Cubans will Rebel again.
 Cuba rebels will engage in guerrilla
warfare launching surprise attacks
against Spanish Forces and fading
back into the countryside.
 Spain will send
General Weyler to put
down the uprising.

Weyler forced tens of
thousands of Cubans into
concentration camps.
Mass Media Responds
 Mass Media – methods
of communicating to
mass audience.
 Reporters and artists
were encouraged to
stretch the truth about
the bravery of Cuban
rebels and the horrors
of Spanish rule.
 Helped stir public support
for U.S. intervention to aid
the rebels.
The Beginning
 Pulitzer’s World vs.
William Randolph Hearst’s
Journal
 Leads to Yellow
Journalism
 Sensational news stories
 Favorite Subject was the
brutal suppression of a
rebellion in Cuba.
 Responsible for garnishing
public support for going to
war with Spain.
Tensions Boil Between Spain and
the U.S.
 De Lome letter
 Enrique Dupuy de
Lome, the Spanish
ambassador to
Washington called
President McKinley
“weak and catering to
the rabble and
besides, a low
politician.”
 USS Maine sunk in
Havana Harbor
 The U.S. Declares war
on Spain in 1898.
Spanish American War
 Congress passed the Teller
Amendment – once Cuba was
liberated and peace was restored,
the U.S. would leave the
government and control of the
Island to its people.
 War will last only a few months.
 Battle in the Philippines –
Spanish fleet was sunk in
Manila Bay.
 Battle in Cuba – Roosevelt’s
Rough Riders and American
Navy destroyed the Spanish
squadron as it tried to escape.
End of the War
 Treaty of Paris (Dec. 10, 1898)– 3
main points: 1) Spain granted
independence to Cuba; 2) Ceded
Puerto Rico and Guam; 3) Ceded
the Philippines to the U.S. in
exchange for $20 million.
 Platt Amendment allowed the U.S.
to intervene in Cuban affairs and
to buy or lease land for naval
bases.

Will be repealed in 1934.
 By 1913, U.S. investment will increase
to $220 million; and U.S. business
will own 60% of Cuba’s rural lands
and many of the island’s industries.
 The United States will be now
considered a World Super Power.
The Filipino War
 After Spanish American War; the United States refused to recognize the new
government in the Philippines
 Fighting breaks out
 U.S. will respond with force, destroying villages, and herding civilians into prison
camps.
 200,000 Filipinos and 5,000 Americans died
 U.S. will not surrender Philippines until 1945.