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World War I Review World War I greatly influenced the direction of American foreign policy. The United States truly started following an ________________ foreign policy when it entered World War I. Internationalism is a foreign policy based on heavy involvement in ___________ affairs. World War I began in Europe in _______ (date). The two sides, which fought against each other during World War I, were the ___________ Powers and the ___________. The Central Powers included _____________, __________-__________, and the _____________ Empire. The Allies included __________ ____________, ____________, and ___________. During the first three years of World War I, the United States remained ____________. However, in 1917 the United States entered World War I on the side of the __________. Two reasons existed for the United States’ decision to enter the war. First, despite America’s neutrality between 1914 and 1917, ___________ submarine warfare had continued against American merchant shipping. Second, the United States had close cultural and historical ties with _________ ___________. ____________ ____________ was president during World War I. When the United States entered the war, President Wilson said the nation’s goal was to “make the __________ safe for ________________.” As a result of America’s entrance into the war, ______________ was defeated in 1918. Before the war ended, President _____________ announced the Fourteen Points. The ______________ ____________ were Wilson’s statement of plans for peace after World War I, including plans to eliminate the causes of war. The Fourteen Points contained three key ideas: 1) _____________ self-determination, 2) freedom of the ________, 3) the ____________ of ___________. National self-determination was the idea that each _____________ group should be in charge of its own destiny. Freedom of the seas was the idea that ______ nations’ ships would be able to sail in _______________ waters without threat of ___________ by another country’s ships. The League of Nations was an organization of nations established at the end of World War ____ to maintain ___________ stability and ____________. The Treaty of _________________ ended World War I. The Treaty of Versailles included five major principles: 1) national ______-______________, 2) ____________ of the seas, 3) the ____________ of ___________, 4) the _____________ system, and 5) ______________ responsibility for World War I. Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, a mandate was a region administered (run) by another country until it was judged ready for ______________. For example, the Versailles Treaty divided the Ottoman Empire (_________) into mandates or lands, which the __________ would supervise or govern under the direction of the ___________ of __________. ___________ received Syria as a mandate, while _________ __________ received Palestine and Iraq as mandates. In addition, Great Britain and France insisted that the Versailles Treaty hold _______________ responsible for starting World War I. As a result, under the terms of the treaty, Germany had to pay reparations or ______ __________ to the Allies. The treaty of Versailles implemented (put into effect) the principle of national self-determination, by creating the European countries of ____________, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and _________. However, the treaty was inconsistent on the issue of national self-determination, because it recognized this principle in ___________, but not in the ___________ _________, __________, or _________. President Wilson sent the Treaty of Versailles to the United States Senate for _________________ or approval. Under the United States Constitution, the ______________, or executive branch, has the sole power to make treaties with foreign countries, while the United States ___________ must approve them in order for the treaties to become American law. Moreover, the Constitution requires a _______ vote of the Senate to ratify a treaty with a foreign country. The ______________ party controlled the United States Senate after the 1918 congressional elections. Republican leaders objected to Senate ratification of the Versailles Treaty, because they did not want an international organization, like the ___________ of ________, to make American __________ policy decisions. The Senate did / did not approve the Treaty of Versailles, and consequently the United States did / did not join the League of Nations. The Senate’s rejection of the Versailles Treaty showed the lingering (lasting) influence of _________________.