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A World at War: World War I American History Grade 10 Unit 4 Author: Joshua Hazelrigg Table of Contents • • • • • Objectives Materials Web Sites Student Activities Presentation Slides Objectives • This unit is designed to teach students the events that led to America becoming involved in World War I and the results of the war. • To prepare students of the benchmarks and knowledge necessary for passing the OGT. Materials • Computers for research • Historical maps of Europe • LCD projector or overhead for visuals and maps • Pens, pencils, paper • Index Cards • Colored Pencils, Crayons, or Markers Web Sites • • • • • First World War.com History Channel PBS.com: The Great War BBC.com: World War I Schools Web Eyewitness History.com Student Activities • • • • • Introduction Quiz Alliance System Activity Who Did What (In America) Activity Versailles Meeting Activity How the World Changed Activity Student Activities • An introduction quiz to see what the students remember about World War I. • This activity is to assist the teacher in knowing what sections of World War I need to be focussed on more than others. • Go Back to Student Activity Listing Student Activities • The Alliance System – Students are given cards telling them who they have alliances with. – Using these cards and prompts from the teacher, students must decide whether to declare war, stay neutral, or compromise. – After all prompts are used, students will be asked the benefits and shortcomings of the alliance system. – Go Back to Student Activity Listing Student Activities • Who Did What (in America) – Students are given handouts explaining the life of an individual in America during WWI (i.e. Women, African Americans, soldiers, children and businesses). – Students will read and take notes on their person. – Students will then split into groups and create a jigsaw of notes about the different people of America. – Go Back to Student Activity Listing Student Activities • Versailles Meeting Activity – Students are assigned to groups that will represent the major players in the Treaty of Versailles. – They are given their amount of influence, objectives, goals, and flexibility. – With this information, they must create a cooperative treaty that deals with the problems facing those at the end of World War I. – Go Back to Student Activity Listing Student Activities • How the World Changed Activity – The students will receive multiple maps of Europe to show the stages of Europe throughout American interaction. – Students will color alliances, territory gained and lost, and new nations created after the Treaty of Versailles. – The time periods covered will be the beginning of the war, pre-American intervention, Europe at the cease-fire, and after the Treaty of Versailles. – Go Back to Student Activity Listing Prelude to War • President Wilson believed America had more domestic problems. • America had problems with Latin America (esp. Mexico) • Pancho Villa raids New Mexico and kills 18 people. In the Caribbean • Wilson sends marines to overthrow multiple governments. • Wilson purchases the Virgin Islands. Concern in Europe • Alliance system creates tension among nations. • Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (Triple Alliance) • France, Russia, & England (Triple Entente) • Archduke Ferdinand assassinated. War erupts. • Italy leaves Triple Alliance and Ottoman Empire joins. America Chooses Neutrality • • • • Americans divided because of heritages. Trade shrinks between Central Powers and USA. Trade grows between USA and Allies. Britain puts a blockade on all goods going to Germany and declares them to be contraband. • Germany is angered and reacts by attacking merchant ships. Germans React to America’s “Neutrality” • German U-boats sink unarmed ships. • 1915 - Germans sink Lusitania, kills 128 Americans, and sinks Sussex. • Instead of going to war, Germany agrees with Wilson not to sink anymore merchant ships. America Drawn into War • Germans continue to sink all ships in the Atlantic, including US ships. • America intercepts the “Zimmerman Note” (Germany asking Mexico to go to war with US to keep US occupied). • US declares war on Germany (April 6, 1917) • Congress passes Selective Service Act establishing the Draft • Armed forces grow from 200,000 to 2.8 million. • 200,000 AfricanAmericans fights in WWI. • America turns the tide of war and Germany signs an armistice. War Efforts at Home • Industries begin to mobilize and organize war production. • Women and AfricanAmericans gain jobs. • Government passes “Excess Profits” tax to pay debts. • Propaganda fuels pro-war attitudes. • Anti-War sentiments silenced by Espionage and Sedition Acts. • Germans were persecuted due to their heritage. “Victory” in Europe • France, Britain, US, and Italy meet in Versailles to create a peace Treaty. • Wilson presents his Fourteen Points. • Most of the Fourteen Points are ignored. • Germany is forced to pay reparations, lost territory. • Austria-Hungary is split. • Ottoman Empire lost territory. • League of Nations created (but the US did not join). America Demobilizes • Inflation doubles. • Agriculture prices plummet because of lost demand. • Racial Tensions continues. • One of the few positives is the passing of the 19th Amendment. (1920). The End