Download The 14 Points and Versailles Woodrow Wilson`s Fourteen Points: #1

Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points:
#1-4 Free economy, transparency, and
arms reduction
1. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at.
2. Freedom of navigation on the seas.
3. Removal of economic barriers and equality of trade
conditions.
4. Guaranteed reduction in armaments.
(You do not need to write each out, write sparingly!)
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
5-13 Self Determination of Peoples
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Impartial adjustment of colonial claims.
Evacuation of occupied Russian territories and fair
treatment of Russia.
Evacuation and restoration of Belgium.
Evacuation and restoration of all French territory.
Readjustment of Italy's border.
Guarantee autonomous development for AustriaHungary.
Restoration of territories of Rumania, Serbia and
Montenegro
Assure sovereignty to Turkish portions of Ottoman Empire
and assure autonomy to other nationalities under Turkish
rule. Free passage through Straits of Dardanelles.
Establish an independent Poland.
(Do not write each out)
14th Point-The Most Important!
 Formation of an
association of nations to
guarantee political
independence and
territorial integrity of all
nations.
 League of Nations
The Palaise Wilson, headquarters
of the League of Nations Secretariat
from 1920-1936 in Geneva
The Treaty of Versailles
 World War I became a crusade in the U.S.
 It was considered to be the “War to end all wars” and
“the war to make the world safe for democracy.”
 Wilson proposed Fourteen Points as the model for peace.
The Big Four Dominated the Treaty
of Versailles
 Woodrow Wilson of
the U.S.
 David Lloyd George
of Great Britain.
 Clemenceau of
France.
 Orlando of Italy.
The other Big Four members…
 Did not go along with the Fourteen Points even though
they pretended.
 It was against their national interest!
 Germany and Russia were not represented at the Treaty
of Versailles which made them bitter.
The Treaty of Versailles (Peace of
Paris, 1919)
 Germany was to accept the blame for the war and
pay reparations ($33 billion), & could have no navy,
air force, and just a small army.
 Land was taken away from Germany, and all of her
colonies were taken away.
 New countries were created in Europe from territories
that were taken away from Russia, Germany, and
Austria-Hungary. NEW: Finland, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, & Baltic States.
See the changes above! New nations!
The Mandate System
 Was set up to take care of former Turkish
and German colonies:
 The Middle Eastern Turkish lands were given to
Great Britain and France (this included present
day Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel).
 Great Britain received Germany’s African
colonies.
 Japan and the U.S. received many of the German
islands in the Pacific.
 The League of Nations is created.
President Wilson
proposed the
League of Nations
Which European nations dominated the area?
European colonization in the
Middle East (ind. date incl.)
Immediate Results of the Treaty of
Versailles:
 Wilson had to give up almost all of his Fourteen Points to
get the League of Nations as a part of the treaty.
 Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union were extremely
upset with the Treaty of Versailles.
Treaty of Versailles
in Pictures
Wilson Giving a Speech
The Big Four in Paris
Negotiating in Versailles
Wilson leaving Paris
The U.S. Fails to Ratify the Treaty of
Versailles
 Opposition to the Treaty:
 Americans were not as idealistic as they had been
during World War I, and they felt duped by the
Europeans.
 Republican Senators were angry because they were
not invited to the peace talks, yet the Republicans
won the congressional elections of 1918!
The U.S. Fails to Ratify the Treaty of
Versailles
 German, Italian, and Russian Americans felt that the
treaty was unfair to their home lands.
 Isolationists felt that the League of Nations would get the
U.S. involved in more wars.
What is the message
of the cartoon?
The U.S. Fails to Ratify the Treaty of
Versailles
 Wilson was moralistic, stubborn, and refused to
compromise.
 Wilson would not compromise on Article X which
would obligate U.S. to get involved with countries
that used war.
 Wilson decided to appeal to the people on a
train campaign.
 Wilson became seriously ill during his trip and
this weakened his influence.
The U.S. Fails to Ratify Versailles
Treaty
 Wilson was so ill that he only communicated through
his wife.
 His refusal to compromise cost him votes.
 The Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, and
it became a campaign issue during the Election of
1920.
 The U.S. finally made separate treaties with the Central
Powers countries.
Funeral procession of
President Wilson