Download Slide Show

Basic Electronics
Concepts & Components
Frank Shapleigh
Thales (624 – 547 BC)
Wrote about the
attraction of small
pieces of straw & dust
to amber (fossilized
tree sap) that had
been rubbed by a
cloth. The Greek for
amber is ELEKTRON
Charles Coulomb (1736-1806)
Discovered the law
which determines the
force between
electrically charged
objects
The Coulomb is the
unit of electric charge
Alessandro Volta (1745-1827)
Determined that
electricity could be
produced by a
combination of 2
different metals in
contact with a cloth
moistened with salt
water.
The Volt is the unit of
Electric Potential
Difference
Hans Oersted (1777-1851)
Discovered that a
current flowing
through a wire
produced a magnetic
field
The Oersted is one
unit of magnetism
Andre Ampere (1775-1836)
Proposed the correct
theory of the electromagnetic force.
The Ampere is the
unit of electric current
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
Discovered the
principle of Electromagnetic Induction
Invented the Electric
Motor
The Farad is the unit
of capacitance
Georg Ohm (1789-1854)
Discovered the law
which relates the
current and voltage in
an electric circuit
The Ohm is the unit
of electric resistance
in a conductor
J.J. Thompson (1856-1940)
In 1897 Thompson
discovered the
Electron. The
manipulation of this
sub-atomic particle is
called electronics.
Thompson won the
nobel prize for
Physics in 1906
Thomas Alva Edison
In his lifetime Edison
patented 1,093
inventions.
His most famous
invention was the
incandescent light
bulb. He also
invented the
phonograph and an
early movie film
projector.
Samuel Morse
Morse was not a scientist
but a professional artist.
On an ocean voyage he
over heard a conversation
on electromagnets
He invented the telegraph
and the code that bears his
name.
The first telegraph message
was sent in 1844.
Guglielmo Marconi
Marconi did not invent the
concept of radio but did
develop the first practical
inventions in radio
telegraphy over long
distances
Marconi received the first
trans-Atlantic radio signal
at Signal Hill in St. John’s
in 1901
Marconi received the
Nobel Prize in Physics in
1906.
Fleming and De Forest
Sir Ambrose Fleming
invented the diode
vacuum tube in 1902
Lee De Forest invented
the vacuum tube amplifier
in 1906
Both these developments
led to the radio, long
distance phone service,
the television, and the
first computer.
Shockley, Bardeen, & Brattain
Shockley, Bardeen, and
Brattain are credited with
the research that led to
the invention of the
transistor in 1948. This
device forms the basis of
all electronic devices
used today including
computers
They were awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics for
1956
Kilby and Noyce
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce,
working independently, invented
the Integrated Circuit or
Microchip in 1958.
Noyce was one of the founders
of Intel, the world’s largest “chip”
maker. You are reading this on a
computer using an Intel
processor.
Kilby invented the calculator and
won the Nobel prize in Physics in
2000.
The Simplest Circuit
The simplest circuit consists of:





A source of electrical current
A conducting path
A control element (Switch)
Something that converts electrical energy to
some other form of energy (called a load
resistance)
An Open Circuit has no complete path for
current flow, a Closed Circuit does!
Simplest Circuit (cont’d)
When the control element is activated (a
switch closing), current will flow in the
circuit until the energy of the source is
exhausted.
A circuit diagram using standard symbols
is called a Schematic from the Latin
Schema (plan).
Simplest Circuit (cont’d)
There are a number of electrical
parameters (measurements) that are of
importance. The 3 most basic are:



Electric Potential Difference - measured in
Volts
Electric Current - measured in Amperes
Resistance - measured in Ohms
Simplest Circuit (cont’d)
Electric Potential Difference can be very
loosely defined as the “electric pressure”
which forces electric current through a
conductor
Electric Current is the flow of electric
charge through a conductor is a unit of
time
Resistance is the opposition to the flow of
current through the conductor
Simplest Circuit (cont’d)
In the next slide, a voltmeter and an
ammeter are used to measure the
electrical properties of a circuit
It is important to connect these devices to
the circuit in the proper way
Simplest Circuit (cont’d)
The 3 parameters of an electrical circuit
are related mathematically. That
relationship is defined by “Ohm’s Law” and
is:
E = IR or more commonly V=IR
V = Electric Potential (volts)
I = Current (amps)
R = Resistance (ohms)
Sample Calculation – Ohm’s Law
Sample Problem: The voltage is measured
at 3 volts and the current at 0.5 amperes.
What is the resistance of the load resistor?




Given: V = 3v, I = 0.5a, R = ?
Solving for R
R=V/I
R = 3 /0.5
R = 6R
Simplest Circuit (cont’d)
There are other
electrical parameters
that can be measured
such as Power
(Watts) & Energy
(Joules)
The diagram on the
right is used by
technicians
Electronic Components
A basic knowledge of electronics is not
complete unless the student can identify
the basic components.
A useful exercise is to take a surplus
/obsolete circuit board and identify as
many components as possible.
The following slides will help identify
common components.