Download Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes

Egypt
The Egyptian Empire
Middle Kingdom 2050B.C.-1670B.C.




Egypt has suffered
greatly because of civil
wars
Amenemhet I becomes
pharaoh
Capital city moved to
Thebes
Conquered Nubia and
Syria

Conquered people sent
a result, Egypt became rich! Dams and waterways
tributes: forced Aswere
added as well as more farmland. A canal was
Built to connect Nile and Red Sea
payments
The Arts Blossom

Arts, literature, and
architecture thrived
www.cs.dartmouth.edu
Poets wrote tributes to pharaohs
White Temple at Karnak
Valley of the Kings
www.odysseyadventures.ca
www.en.wikipedia.org
Rule of the Hyksos




Rulers from western Asia
Hyksos were able to take over because of
weak pharaohs
Hyksos ruled for 150 years
Hyksos were more advanced in the art of war



War chariots
Bronze swords and shields
Ahmose: Egyptian leader that drove
Warlike lifestyle
out the Hyksos and ushered in the
New Kingdom.
New Kingdom 1550 BC – 1080 BC

Period when Egypt was at its peak


Rich and powerful
Period of expansion

Full time army created
New Kingdom
Hatshepsut


1st woman ruler
recorded in history
Increased trade with
other lands

Traded for gold, ivory,
ebony and incense
Brought great wealth to Egypt
Hatshepsut’s funerary temple at Deir el Bahri
Hatshepsut
Thutmose III



Nephew of Hatshepsut
Expanded empire to its greatest size
Grew rich from trade and tribute


Gold, copper and ivory
Conquered people were used as workforce


Rebuild Thebes
Treated well
Thutmose III
Obelisks
Favorite monument of
New Kingdom pharaohs
Usually describes a
great action of the
pharaoh
This is one of Thutmose
III’s obelisks
Amenhotep IV or Akhenaton






Remembered for a social
and religious revolution
Believed that the priests of
Amon Ra were too powerful
Changed the official religion
from polytheistic to
monotheistic
New god was Aton
Moved capital to Tell el
Amarna
Lost most land in western
Asia to Hittites
Nefertiti
Akhenaten: The Rebel Pharaoh
Akhenaten
The Changes in Art
Rule of the Boy King





Tutankhamen (King Tut)
Became pharaoh when 9-10 years old
Insignificant king
Moved capital back to Thebes and the empire
back to the worship of Amon Ra
Only important to history because of the
finding of his tomb untouched
Tomb
http://www.virtualdiscovered by
egypt.com/newhtml/special/kingtut/ Howard Carter
in 1922.
King Tut
Ramses II







66 year reign
Last of the effective rulers of
Egypt
Regained some land in
western Asia
Had 100 children
Major wife was Nefertari
Known as the builder
pharaoh
Battled the Hittites

Treaty was reached through
marriage
Monuments of Ramses II
Ramesseum
White Chapel at Karnak
Temples at Karnak
Abu Simbel
Nefertari’s temple at Abu Simbel
http://www.egyptinteractive.com/EgyptTour/AbuSimbel.htm
Why Were Temples Built?




Temples were homes to the gods
Offerings were made daily at the temples
Served as banks
Egyptians worshipped at home
Cleopatra
-last pharaoh to rule
Egypt
-from the Ptolemy
dynasty
-greek heritage
-falls in love with
Julius Caesar
-falls in love with
Marc Antony
-tries to break ties
with Rome and
Octavian
Cleopatra and Antony




Battle at Actium in 31 BC
Cleopatra and Antony are defeated by the
Romans
Antony kills himself and upon hearing of his
death, Cleopatra takes her own life with the
bite of an asp (snake)
Egypt is now part of the Roman Republic
Egypt’s Decline and Fall




Empire began to fall apart
Pharaohs could not keep countries under Egyptian
control
Egypt lacked iron ore---had to pay high price to
make iron weapons
Egypt was controlled by a series of civilizations



Libyans 900 B.C.
Kush 760 B.C.
Assyrians 670 B.C.