Download Momentum is a property of an object in motion. An object in

Momentum is a property of an object in motion. An object in translation has
linear momentum equal to the product of its mass and velocity. An object in
rotation has angular momentum equal to the product of its moment of inertia
and angular velocity. p = mv; L = Iω
Newton’s second law of motion can be written as an equation using
momentum. If a net force is exerted on an object, the force equals the rate of
change of the object’s linear momentum. If a net torque is exerted on an
object, the torque equals the rate of change of the object’s angular
Δp
ΔL
momentum. F =
;τ=
Δt
Δt
The impulse (or angular impulse) given an object is the average force (or
torque) exerted on the object multiplied by the time interval over which the
force (or torque) acts. The impulse (or angular impulse) given an object
equals the object’s change in linear momentum (or angular momentum).
FΔt = Δp; τΔt = ΔL
By Newton’s third law of motion, when two objects interact, they exert
forces on each other that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Since the forces act over the same time interval, the impulses are equal and
opposite. This means the total momentum change of the combined system is
zero. This is the law of conservation of momentum.
When working momentum problems, first define the system. Then examine
the system before and after the event. If the system is closed and isolated, its
momentum and angular momentum are conserved. If Fnet = 0, then Δp = 0 or
pi = pf. If τnet = 0, then ΔL = 0 or L i = L f .
C HAPTER 7
SUMMARY
351