* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download SEMESTER 1 Chapter 5
Survey
Document related concepts
Multiprotocol Label Switching wikipedia , lookup
Airborne Networking wikipedia , lookup
Computer network wikipedia , lookup
Wireless security wikipedia , lookup
Registered jack wikipedia , lookup
Parallel port wikipedia , lookup
List of wireless community networks by region wikipedia , lookup
Serial port wikipedia , lookup
Zero-configuration networking wikipedia , lookup
Power over Ethernet wikipedia , lookup
Nonblocking minimal spanning switch wikipedia , lookup
Network tap wikipedia , lookup
Piggybacking (Internet access) wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
SEMESTER 1 Chapter 10 Planning and Cabling a Network V 4.0 10.1.1 What are routers primarily used for? What does each port on a router connect to? What two things can a router break up to improve overall network performance? 10.1.1.2 What does a hub do when it receives a signal? What is the main problem with using a hub? What are some reasons that hubs are still used today? used to interconnect networks Each port on a router connects to a different network and routes packets between the networks Broadcast and collision domains regenerates it, and sends the signal over all ports It shares bandwidth between devices which can reduce performance of the LAN Hubs are less expensive than switches. A hub is typically chosen as an intermediary device within a very small LAN, in a LAN that requires low throughput requirements, or when finances are limited. What does a switch do regenerates each bit of the frame on to the when it receives a frame? appropriate destination port What is the advantage of A switch segments a network into multiple using a switch vs. a hub? collision domains How can a switch increase a switch provides dedicated bandwidth on performance on a LAN? each port 10.1.2 What are some factors that Cost need to be considered when Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces selecting devices for a Expandability LAN? Manageability Additional Features and Services 10.1.2.2 What determines the cost of Features and capacity a switch? What are the factors of a # of ports and speed of ports switch’s capacity? What are other factors that network management capabilities, embedded affect the cost of the security technologies, and optional advanced switch? switching technologies Why would the cost of A few long cable runs instead of many long purchasing more than one cable runs switch sometimes be the better choice than one switch? Describe the process of Add a second or more switches between using redundancy in a nodes so that there is not a single point of switched network. failure 10.1.2.3 What are the three questions you should ask when selecting a switch? 10.1.2.4 What are the factors that need to be addressed when selecting a router? What is the difference between a fixed and modular router? List the features and services that can be provided based on the operating system selected. 10.2.1 What are the four physical areas to consider when wiring a LAN? What is the total distance that a UTP cable can be per channel? How long can a patch cable for interconnecting patch panels be? How long can the cable be from the wall termination to the computer or phone? What is horizontal cabling? What is backbone cabling? 10.2.1.2 What are the three types of media we study? What factors need to be considered when selecting the media to use? Just enough ports for today's needs? A mixture of UTP speeds? Both UTP and fiber ports? Expandability Media Operating System Features A modular router has expansion slots that can be changed for future expansion. Fixed can not be changed. Security Quality of Service (QoS) Voice over IP (VoIP) Routing multiple Layer 3 protocols Special services such as Network Address Translation (NAT) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Work area Telecommunications room, also known as the distribution facility Backbone cabling, also known as vertical cabling Distribution cabling, also known as horizontal cabling 100 meters 5 meters 10 meters horizontal media runs from a patch panel in the telecommunications room to a wall jack in each work area Backbones, or vertical cabling, are used for aggregated traffic, such as traffic to and from the Internet and access to corporate resources at a remote location. UTP (Category 5, 5e, 6, and 7) Fiber-optics Wireless Cable length - Does the cable need to span across a room or from building to building? Cost - Does the budget allow for using a more expensive media type? Bandwidth - Does the technology used with the media provide adequate bandwidth? Ease of installation - Does the implementation team have the ability to install the cable or is a 10.2.1.3 10.2.1.4 10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2 10.2.2.3 10.2.2.4 10.2.3 vendor required? Susceptible to EMI/RFI - Is the local environment going to interfere with the signal? Define attenuation. Attenuation is reduction of the strength of a signal as it moves down a media. What is the major factor that Cable length affects attenuation in network cables? What two cost factors must match the performance needs of the users with be matched when selecting the cost of the equipment and cabling to the media? achieve the best cost/performance ratio Does a server need more or More less bandwidth than a single user? List in numeric order the 1. wireless easiest to most difficult 2. UTP media to install. 3. Fiber Optic What are the two forms of EMI- Electromagnetic Interference interference that can affect RFI- Radio Frequency Interference the network signals? What are the EIA/TIA cable 568A & 568B specifications for the ends of UTP cables? Which pins are used for Pins 1 & 2 transmitting in a straightthrough cable? Which pins are used for Pins 3 & 6 receiving in a straightthrough cable? When do you use a straight- When connecting unlike devices through cable? When do you use a When connecting like devices crossover cable? Which connections use a Switch to a router Ethernet port straight-through cable? Computer to switch Computer to hub Describe the ends of a The transmit of one end connects to the crossover cable. receive of the other end and vice-versa Which connections are Switch to switch listed that require a Switch to hub crossover cable? Hub to hub Router to router Ethernet port connection Computer to computer Computer to a router Ethernet port Can modern devices be set Yes so that different types of cables are not necessary? What are the two types of DB-60 or a smart serial connector connectors for the router end of a serial connection? What is the connector at the network end called? 10.2.3.2 Define a DCE. Define a DTE. 10.3.1 10.3.2 10.3.3 10.4 10.5.1 Which end of the cable is responsible for supplying the clock rate? Which end devices require an IP address? Which network devices require IP addresses? Which network devices need IP addresses for management? What are the three reasons given to subnet a network? What two calculations are necessary after the requirements are determined? What are the different types of hosts on a network? We will go over these in class. What are router Ethernet connections used for? What are router Serial connections used for? What is the router’s console interface used for? What is the security concern involving the console port of a router? Winchester 15 pin connector Data Communications Equipment (DCE) - A device that supplies the clocking services to another device. Typically, this device is at the WAN access provider end of the link. Data Circuit-Terminal Equipment (DTE) - A device that receives clocking services from another device and adjusts accordingly. Typically, this device is at the WAN customer or user end of the link. DCE User computers Administrator computers Servers Other end devices such as printers, IP phones, and IP cameras Router LAN interfaces Router WAN (serial) interfaces Switches Wireless Access Points Manage broadcast traffic Different network requirements Security A unique subnet and subnet mask for each physical segment A range of usable host addresses for each subnet General users Special users Network resources Router LAN interfaces Router WAN links Management access Connecting to LAN Connections between WANs It is used for the initial configuration of the router with physical access to the router's console interface, an unauthorized person can interrupt or compromise network traffic 10.5.2 What is the auxiliary port of a router used for? What device is normally attached to the auxiliary port? What software is used when configuring a router? What type of cable is connected between the router console port and computer? What are the serial port connection settings required? What do you do to access the router if all connections are made properly? To remotely configure a router Modem Terminal emulator RJ-45 to DB-9 Bits per second: 9600 bps Data bits: 8 Parity: None Stop bits: 1 Flow control: None Hit enter LAN cables: Use straight-through cables for connecting: – – – Switch to router Computer to switch Computer to hub Use crossover cables for connecting: – – – – – – Switch to switch Switch to hub Hub to hub Router to router Computer to computer Computer to router * Console cable (also called rollover cable): To initially configure the Cisco device, a management connection must be directly connected to the device. (For Cisco equipment this management attachment is called a console port). * Console Interface The console interface is the interface for initial configuration. Physical security of network devices is extremely important. * Auxiliary (AUX) Interface This interface is used for remote management of the router. Typically, a modem is connected to the AUX interface for dial-in access. * LAN Interfaces – Ethernet; FastEthernet The Ethernet interface is used for connecting cables that terminate with LAN devices such as computers and switches. * WAN Interfaces - Serial Serial interfaces are used for connecting WAN devices to the CSU/DSU. * Each media type (UTP, fiber, wireless) has its advantages and disadvantages: Cable length (UTP, fiber, wireless)? – – – Attenuation is reduction of the strength of a signal as it moves down a media. The longer the media, the more attenuation will affect the signal. Cabling distance is a significant factor in data signal performance. Cost (UTP, fiber, wireless)? Bandwidth (UTP, fiber, wireless)? Ease of installation (UTP, fiber, wireless)? Susceptible to EMI/RFI (UTP, fiber, wireless)? * How many hosts can you have for the submask of - 255.255.248.0? - 255.255.252.0? - 255.255.254.0? - 255.255.255.0? - 255.255.255.128? - 255.255.255.192? - 255.255.255.224? - 255.255.255.240? - 255.255.255.248? - 255.255.255.252? * Broadcast domain and collision domain – Routers: have the ability to break up broadcast domains and collision domains. – – – Each port on a router connects to a different network (subnet) and routes packets between the networks. Routers have the ability to break up broadcast domains and collision domains. Routers are also used to interconnect networks that use different technologies. – Switch: is used to segment a network into multiple collision domains. – A switch receives a frame and regenerates each bit of the frame on to the appropriate destination port. – Hub: Multiple hubs can be interconnected, they remain a single collision domain. – A hub receives a signal, regenerates it, and sends the signal over all ports. * Make sure you still remember this: – IP address global – Mac address local * Troubleshooting: Make sure PCs on the same side of the router belongs to the same subnet Make sure they all have the proper default-gateway address o Each LAN will have a router as its gateway connecting the LAN to other networks. Inside the LAN will be one or more hubs or switches to connect the end devices to the LAN. * In the course labs, you may be using Cisco routers with one of two types of physical serial cables. – The first cable type has a male DB-60 connector on the Cisco end. – The second type is a more compact version and has a Smart Serial connector on the Cisco device end. • • Both cables use a large Winchester 15 Pin connector on the network end. This end of the cable is used as a V.35 connection to a Physical layer device such as a CSU/DSU. * Making LAN Connections: MDI/MDIX – 1. On some devices, ports may have a mechanism that electrically swaps the transmit and receive pairs. – 2. As part of the configuration, some devices allow for selecting whether a port functions as MDI or as MDIX. – 3. Many newer devices have an automatic crossover feature. * When planning the LAN cabling, there are 4 areas – Work area • • – Distribution cabling, also known as horizontal cabling • • – Horizontal cabling refers to the cables connecting the telecommunication rooms with the work areas. The maximum length must not exceed 90 meters. Telecommunications room (distribution facility) • • – It uses patch cables to connect individual devices to wall jacks. It has a maximum length of 5 meters. The rooms contain - hubs, switches, routers, and DSUs. The patch cord, with a length of up to 5 meters, is used to connect equipment and patch panels in the telecommunications room. Backbone cabling (vertical cabling) • • The cabling used to connect telecommunication rooms to the equipment rooms, where the servers are often located. These cables are sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN connection or ISP.