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SEMESTER 1 Chapter 10
Planning and Cabling a Network
V 4.0
10.1.1
What are routers primarily
used for?
What does each port on a
router connect to?
What two things can a
router break up to improve
overall network
performance?
10.1.1.2 What does a hub do when it
receives a signal?
What is the main problem
with using a hub?
What are some reasons that
hubs are still used today?
used to interconnect networks
Each port on a router connects to a different
network and routes packets between the
networks
Broadcast and collision domains
regenerates it, and sends the signal over all
ports
It shares bandwidth between devices which
can reduce performance of the LAN
Hubs are less expensive than switches. A hub
is typically chosen as an intermediary device
within a very small LAN, in a LAN that requires
low throughput requirements, or when finances
are limited.
What does a switch do
regenerates each bit of the frame on to the
when it receives a frame?
appropriate destination port
What is the advantage of
A switch segments a network into multiple
using a switch vs. a hub?
collision domains
How can a switch increase
a switch provides dedicated bandwidth on
performance on a LAN?
each port
10.1.2
What are some factors that Cost
need to be considered when Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces
selecting devices for a
Expandability
LAN?
Manageability
Additional Features and Services
10.1.2.2 What determines the cost of Features and capacity
a switch?
What are the factors of a
# of ports and speed of ports
switch’s capacity?
What are other factors that
network management capabilities, embedded
affect the cost of the
security technologies, and optional advanced
switch?
switching technologies
Why would the cost of
A few long cable runs instead of many long
purchasing more than one
cable runs
switch sometimes be the
better choice than one
switch?
Describe the process of
Add a second or more switches between
using redundancy in a
nodes so that there is not a single point of
switched network.
failure
10.1.2.3 What are the three
questions you should ask
when selecting a switch?
10.1.2.4 What are the factors that
need to be addressed when
selecting a router?
What is the difference
between a fixed and
modular router?
List the features and
services that can be
provided based on the
operating system selected.
10.2.1
What are the four physical
areas to consider when
wiring a LAN?
What is the total distance
that a UTP cable can be per
channel?
How long can a patch cable
for interconnecting patch
panels be?
How long can the cable be
from the wall termination to
the computer or phone?
What is horizontal cabling?
What is backbone cabling?
10.2.1.2 What are the three types of
media we study?
What factors need to be
considered when selecting
the media to use?
Just enough ports for today's needs?
A mixture of UTP speeds?
Both UTP and fiber ports?
Expandability
Media
Operating System Features
A modular router has expansion slots that can
be changed for future expansion. Fixed can
not be changed.
Security
Quality of Service (QoS)
Voice over IP (VoIP)
Routing multiple Layer 3 protocols
Special services such as Network Address
Translation (NAT) and Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Work area
Telecommunications room, also known as the
distribution facility
Backbone cabling, also known as vertical
cabling
Distribution cabling, also known as horizontal
cabling
100 meters
5 meters
10 meters
horizontal media runs from a patch panel in the
telecommunications room to a wall jack in
each work area
Backbones, or vertical cabling, are used for
aggregated traffic, such as traffic to and from
the Internet and access to corporate resources
at a remote location.
UTP (Category 5, 5e, 6, and 7)
Fiber-optics
Wireless
Cable length - Does the cable need to span
across a room or from building to building?
Cost - Does the budget allow for using a more
expensive media type?
Bandwidth - Does the technology used with the
media provide adequate bandwidth?
Ease of installation - Does the implementation
team have the ability to install the cable or is a
10.2.1.3
10.2.1.4
10.2.2.1
10.2.2.2
10.2.2.3
10.2.2.4
10.2.3
vendor required?
Susceptible to EMI/RFI - Is the local
environment going to interfere with the signal?
Define attenuation.
Attenuation is reduction of the strength of a
signal as it moves down a media.
What is the major factor that Cable length
affects attenuation in
network cables?
What two cost factors must match the performance needs of the users with
be matched when selecting the cost of the equipment and cabling to
the media?
achieve the best cost/performance ratio
Does a server need more or More
less bandwidth than a single
user?
List in numeric order the
1. wireless
easiest to most difficult
2. UTP
media to install.
3. Fiber Optic
What are the two forms of
EMI- Electromagnetic Interference
interference that can affect
RFI- Radio Frequency Interference
the network signals?
What are the EIA/TIA cable 568A & 568B
specifications for the ends
of UTP cables?
Which pins are used for
Pins 1 & 2
transmitting in a straightthrough cable?
Which pins are used for
Pins 3 & 6
receiving in a straightthrough cable?
When do you use a straight- When connecting unlike devices
through cable?
When do you use a
When connecting like devices
crossover cable?
Which connections use a
Switch to a router Ethernet port
straight-through cable?
Computer to switch
Computer to hub
Describe the ends of a
The transmit of one end connects to the
crossover cable.
receive of the other end and vice-versa
Which connections are
Switch to switch
listed that require a
Switch to hub
crossover cable?
Hub to hub
Router to router Ethernet port connection
Computer to computer
Computer to a router Ethernet port
Can modern devices be set Yes
so that different types of
cables are not necessary?
What are the two types of
DB-60 or a smart serial connector
connectors for the router
end of a serial connection?
What is the connector at the
network end called?
10.2.3.2 Define a DCE.
Define a DTE.
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.3.3
10.4
10.5.1
Which end of the cable is
responsible for supplying
the clock rate?
Which end devices require
an IP address?
Which network devices
require IP addresses?
Which network devices
need IP addresses for
management?
What are the three reasons
given to subnet a network?
What two calculations are
necessary after the
requirements are
determined?
What are the different types
of hosts on a network?
We will go over these in
class.
What are router Ethernet
connections used for?
What are router Serial
connections used for?
What is the router’s console
interface used for?
What is the security concern
involving the console port of
a router?
Winchester 15 pin connector
Data Communications Equipment (DCE) - A
device that supplies the clocking services to
another device. Typically, this device is at the
WAN access provider end of the link.
Data Circuit-Terminal Equipment (DTE) - A
device that receives clocking services from
another device and adjusts accordingly.
Typically, this device is at the WAN customer
or user end of the link.
DCE
User computers
Administrator computers
Servers
Other end devices such as printers, IP phones,
and IP cameras
Router LAN interfaces
Router WAN (serial) interfaces
Switches
Wireless Access Points
Manage broadcast traffic
Different network requirements
Security
A unique subnet and subnet mask for each
physical segment
A range of usable host addresses for each
subnet
General users
Special users
Network resources
Router LAN interfaces
Router WAN links
Management access
Connecting to LAN
Connections between WANs
It is used for the initial configuration of the
router
with physical access to the router's console
interface, an unauthorized person can interrupt
or compromise network traffic
10.5.2
What is the auxiliary port of
a router used for?
What device is normally
attached to the auxiliary
port?
What software is used when
configuring a router?
What type of cable is
connected between the
router console port and
computer?
What are the serial port
connection settings
required?
What do you do to access
the router if all connections
are made properly?
To remotely configure a router
Modem
Terminal emulator
RJ-45 to DB-9
Bits per second: 9600 bps
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow control: None
Hit enter
LAN cables:
 Use straight-through cables for connecting:
–
–
–

Switch to router
Computer to switch
Computer to hub
Use crossover cables for connecting:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Switch to switch
Switch to hub
Hub to hub
Router to router
Computer to computer
Computer to router
* Console cable (also called rollover cable):
 To initially configure the Cisco device, a management connection must be
directly connected to the device. (For Cisco equipment this management
attachment is called a console port).
* Console Interface
 The console interface is the interface for initial configuration.
 Physical security of network devices is extremely important.
* Auxiliary (AUX) Interface
 This interface is used for remote management of the router.
 Typically, a modem is connected to the AUX interface for dial-in access.
* LAN Interfaces – Ethernet; FastEthernet
 The Ethernet interface is used for connecting cables that terminate with LAN
devices such as computers and switches.
* WAN Interfaces - Serial
 Serial interfaces are used for connecting WAN devices to the CSU/DSU.
* Each media type (UTP, fiber, wireless) has its advantages and disadvantages:
 Cable length (UTP, fiber, wireless)?
–
–
–




Attenuation is reduction of the strength of a signal as it moves down a media.
The longer the media, the more attenuation will affect the signal.
Cabling distance is a significant factor in data signal performance.
Cost (UTP, fiber, wireless)?
Bandwidth (UTP, fiber, wireless)?
Ease of installation (UTP, fiber, wireless)?
Susceptible to EMI/RFI (UTP, fiber, wireless)?
* How many hosts can you have for the submask of
- 255.255.248.0?
- 255.255.252.0?
- 255.255.254.0?
- 255.255.255.0?
- 255.255.255.128?
- 255.255.255.192?
- 255.255.255.224?
- 255.255.255.240?
- 255.255.255.248?
- 255.255.255.252?
* Broadcast domain and collision domain
– Routers: have the ability to break up broadcast domains and collision domains.
–
–
–
Each port on a router connects to a different network (subnet) and routes packets
between the networks.
Routers have the ability to break up broadcast domains and collision domains.
Routers are also used to interconnect networks that use different technologies.
– Switch: is used to segment a network into multiple collision domains.
–
A switch receives a frame and regenerates each bit of the frame on to the
appropriate destination port.
– Hub: Multiple hubs can be interconnected, they remain a single collision domain.
–
A hub receives a signal, regenerates it, and sends the signal over all ports.
* Make sure you still remember this:
– IP address global
– Mac address local
* Troubleshooting:
 Make sure PCs on the same side of the router belongs to the same subnet
 Make sure they all have the proper default-gateway address
o Each LAN will have a router as its gateway connecting the LAN to other
networks. Inside the LAN will be one or more hubs or switches to connect
the end devices to the LAN.
* In the course labs, you may be using Cisco routers with one of two types of physical
serial cables.
– The first cable type has a male DB-60 connector on the Cisco end.
–
The second type is a more compact version and has a Smart Serial connector
on the Cisco device end.
•
•
Both cables use a large Winchester 15 Pin connector on the network end.
This end of the cable is used as a V.35 connection to a Physical layer device
such as a CSU/DSU.
* Making LAN Connections: MDI/MDIX
– 1. On some devices, ports may have a mechanism that electrically swaps the
transmit and receive pairs.
– 2. As part of the configuration, some devices allow for selecting whether a port
functions as MDI or as MDIX.
– 3. Many newer devices have an automatic crossover feature.
* When planning the LAN cabling, there are 4 areas
– Work area
•
•
–
Distribution cabling, also known as horizontal cabling
•
•
–
Horizontal cabling refers to the cables connecting the telecommunication
rooms with the work areas.
The maximum length must not exceed 90 meters.
Telecommunications room (distribution facility)
•
•
–
It uses patch cables to connect individual devices to wall jacks.
It has a maximum length of 5 meters.
The rooms contain - hubs, switches, routers, and DSUs.
The patch cord, with a length of up to 5 meters, is used to connect
equipment and patch panels in the telecommunications room.
Backbone cabling (vertical cabling)
•
•
The cabling used to connect telecommunication rooms to the equipment
rooms, where the servers are often located.
These cables are sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN
connection or ISP.