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Chapter 3 Benchmark Review
cell-tissue-organorgan system-organism
38. From least complex to most complex,
what is the correct order of the levels of
organization of a multicellular organism?
– organ
– organism
– tissue
– organ system
– cell
keep the blood flowing forward
39. What do heart valves do?
• Your blood relies on four special valves
inside the heart.
• A valve lets something in and keeps it
from going backward.
• These valves all work to keep the blood
flowing forward.
• They open up to let the blood move
ahead, then they close quickly to keep the
blood from flowing backward.
40. What makes the sound of
your heartbeat?
• This sound comes from the valves closing
and shutting on the blood inside the heart.
• A healthy heart makes a lub-dub sound
with each beat.
• (path: body, RA, RV, pulmonary artery,
lungs, pulmonary vein, LA, LV, aorta,
body)
atria (atrium is singular)
41. The upper chambers of the heart are
called _____.
ventricles
41. The lower chambers of the heart are
called ______.
42. What does the right side of
your heart do?
• The right side of your heart receives
oxygen poor blood from the body and
pumps it to the lungs.
43. What does the left side of
your heart do?
• The left side of the heart receives oxygen
rich blood from the lungs and pumps it out
to the body.
• Left comes from the Lungs
44. Gas exchange in the alveoli:
• Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood into
capillaries.
• Carbon dioxide diffuses out from the
blood in capillaries to alveoli.
alveoli
• tiny air sacs within the lungs where gases
are exchanged between the lungs and the
blood
capillaries
• tiny blood vessels that connect the
arteries and veins
• they exchange gases and nutrients
between the blood and body cells
• the smallest blood vessels
45. Gas exchange in cells:
Oxygen diffuses out from the blood in the
capillaries into cells.
Carbon dioxide diffuses from cells to blood
in capillaries.
Examples of molecules that diffuse
through cell membranes
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon
dioxide
3. Water
Alveolus
Body
Cell
Capillary
respiratory system
• the body system that takes in oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide
circulatory system
• the transport system that uses blood to
carry nutrients, oxygen, etc. to the cells of
the body and carries wastes away from
the cells
trachea
• the tube that transports air from the throat
to the lungs
• also called the
windpipe
lungs
• elastic, sponge-like organs in the chest
(the main organs of the respiratory
system)
bronchi
• a pair of tubes that branch off of the
trachea and enter the lungs
diaphragm
• a sheet-like muscle just below the lungs
that expands and contracts the chest
cavity to control breathing
organ system
• a group of organs that work together to
perform a complex function
tissue
• a group of similar cells working together to
perform a specific function
organ
• A group of tissues that work together to
perform a function or task
• Can unicellular organisms have tissues,
organs, or organ systems?
• No. Tissues are made of more than one
cell.
organs
• Which are more complex, tissues or
organs?
yes
• Can an organ belong to more than one
organ system?
• For example, the heart is part of the
circulatory and respiratory systems.
organ systems
• Which are more complex, organ systems
or organs?
cell
• the basic unit of structure and function of
all living things
tissues
• Which are more complex, tissues or cells?
cellular respiration
• the process in which oxygen is combined
with glucose to release energy
heart
• a muscular organ that pumps blood
throughout the body
arteries
• blood vessels that carry blood away from
the heart (with oxygen)
• (shown in red)
veins
• blood vessels that carry blood toward the
heart (without oxygen)
• (shown in blue)
four
• There are _____ basic types of tissue in
the human body:
• Muscle tissue
• Nervous tissue
• Connective tissue
• Epithelial tissue
Gas exchange in cells:
red blood cells
• blood cells that carry oxygen to the cells of
the body and carry carbon dioxide from
cells back to the lungs
plasma
• a yellowish fluid that is mostly water in
which blood cells are suspended; it also
contains dissolved nutrients, minerals,
salts, and gases
white blood cells
• the type of blood cells that help the body
fight disease by attacking invading
microorganisms and making antibodies to
fight infection
platelets
• cell fragments that help form blood clots to
stop bleeding