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14.1 Habitat And Niche KEY CONCEPT Every organism has a habitat and a niche. 14.1 Habitat And Niche KEY CONCEPT Organisms interact as individuals and as populations. 14.1 Habitat And Niche Competition and predation are two important ways in which organisms interact. • Competition occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resource. – Intraspecific competition – Interspecific competition 14.1 Habitat And Niche • Predation occurs when one organism captures and eats another. 14.1 Habitat And Niche • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. – Mutualism: both organisms benefit 14.1 Habitat And Niche • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. – Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unharmed Ø Human Our eyelashes are home to tiny mites that feast on oil secretions and dead skin. Without harming us, up to 20 mites may be living in one eyelash follicle. Commensalism Ø Organism is not affected + + Organism benefits Demodicids Eyelash mites find all they need to survive in the tiny follicles of eyelashes. Magnified here 225 times, these creatures measure 0.4 mm in length and can be seen only with a microscope. 14.1 Habitat And Niche • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. – Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed 0 Parasitism + _ Hornworm caterpillar The host hornworm will eventually die as its organs are consumed by wasp larvae. _ Organism is not affected 0 Braconid wasp Braconid larvae feed on their host and release themselves shortly before reaching the pupae stage of development. Organism benefits 14.1 Habitat And Niche • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. – Parasitism meet their needs as ectoparasites (such as leeches) and endopaasites (such as hookworms) 14.1 Habitat And Niche A habitat differs from a niche. • A habitat is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives. – biotic factors – abiotic factors • An ecological niche includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. – food – abiotic conditions – behavior 14.1 Habitat And Niche Resource availability gives structure to a community. • Species can share habitats and resources. • Competition occurs when two species use resources in the same way. • Competitive exclusion keeps two species from occupying the same niche. 14.1 Habitat And Niche • Competitive exclusion has different outcomes. – One species is better suited to the niche and the other will either be pushed out or become extinct. – The niche will be divided. – The two species will further diverge. 14.1 Habitat And Niche • Ecological equivalents are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions. Madagascar South America