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World War II World In Flames The Long Road to D-Day August 1939, the Russians and the Germans sign a non-aggression pact. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin agree not to invade each other's borders. The two leaders secretly plan to divide Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe between them. • September 1939, using "lightning war" tactics, Germany invades Poland. Polish military forces are unprepared for the ferocity of Germany's attack. When efforts to negotiate a withdrawal fail, Britain and France declare war on Germany. World War II begins • May 1940, as Germany marches into Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, • Winston Churchill replaces a disgraced Neville Chamberlain as prime minister of Great Britain. • June 1940, Germany captures Paris, and France surrenders to the Nazis. Exacting revenge for his nation's defeat in the World War I, Hitler forces French officials to sign surrender papers in the same railroad car in which Germans signed the armistice of 1918. • July 10, 1940, the Battle of Britain begins. A three-month battle fought in the skies over Britain will include destructive bombing raids on London and other cities, but by the end of October, the British will hand Hitler his first defeat. • March 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt convinces Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act, allowing the U.S. to sell or lend war materials to "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.“ • June 1941, Roosevelt freezes German and Italian assets in the U.S. • August 1941, emerging from secret meetings conducted on warships off of Newfoundland, Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt unveil the Atlantic Charter. The charter outlines goals concerning "the final destruction of Nazi tyranny," and a pledge to support "the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live." USS Arizona burned for two days after being hit by a Japanese bomb. Parts of the ship were salvaged, but the wreck remains at Pearl Harbor to this day. • December 7, 1941, the United States is thrust into war when Japan launches a devastating surprise attack on the U.S. Naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. President Franklin Roosevelt will ask the Congress to declare war on Japan the following day, December 8th. • December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S. Coast Guardsmen on the deck of the US Coast Guard Cutter Spencer watch the explosion of a depth charge which blasted a Nazi U-boat’s (U-175) hope of breaking into the center of a large convoy. • January, 1942, U.S. troops arrive in Europe. Through March, the number of troops shipped overseas averages about 50,000 per month -- a number that will soar upwards of 250,000 per month in 1944. Stalingrad • August, 1942, Germany begins its assault on the Russian city of Stalingrad. In a battle that will rage for six months, and take hundreds of thousands of German and Russian lives, the Red Army finally defeats invading Nazis. The long, bloody battle proves to be a turning point in the war, as Germany begins a retreat from the Eastern Front. German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad January, 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill hold a conference at Casablanca, Morocco. They affirm their goal of securing the Axis nations' unconditional surrender. • May, 1943, U.S. troops led by Generals Dwight Eisenhower and George S. Patton join forces with British troops under the command of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery to defeat German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in North Africa. • June, 1943, Eisenhower is appointed commander of the U.S. forces in Europe. • July – September, 1943, Allied forces capture Sicily and key spots in southern Italy. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini is overthrown and imprisoned. Hitler dispatches German troops to fend off an Allied advance in what will be a series of hard fought, costly battles. Fighting in Italy