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ANSWERS FOR TEST 3 GEOGRAPHY FORM A QUESTION 1 (a) - Two results of Rotation Day and Night Rising and falling of ocean tides Deflection of winds - Two results of Revolution Seasons of the year Phases of the moon (b) Characteristics of the sun It is self-luminous It is stationary It controls the whole solar system It produces heat (4) (2) (c) Proofs that the earth is spherical Circumnavigation Curved horizon takes the shape of the earth The sun does not rise and set at the same time All planets are spherical, the earth is a planet, and therefore the earth is spherical. (2) (d) copied from http://www.rugusavay.com/lunar-eclipse-photos/ (4) (e) Equinox is a period of the year when days and nights are equal while Solstice is the period of the year when there is the longest day ever and shortest night ever and the vice-versa for the whole world except in equator. (2) (f) Place X (60oE) is 10.00am Place Y (30oE) is ??? 60oE-30oE=30o 30o =2hrs 15o 10.00am-2hrs= 8.00am (g) GMT stands for Greenwich Meridian Time (3) (1) (h) International Date Line (IDL) does not cut across countries in order to avoid the confusion of having two days in one country. (2) QUESTION 2 a) i. two main types of weathering chemical Weathering Physical/Mechanical Weathering (2) ii. How carbonation occurs: Carbon dioxide is dissolved in water to form weak carbonic acid (H2CO3) Calcium carbonate present in limestone rocks react with carbonic acid This forms calcium BI-carbonate Calcium carbonate is not soluble in water but carbonic acid turns it to Soluble Calcium Bi-carbonate This soluble compound can be carried away in solution thus weakening the rock. (4) b) i. exfoliation is the peeling off of the rock. This occurs as a result of repeated expansion and contraction. Expansion of a rock occurs when it is hot during the day Contraction of a rock occurs when it is cold during the night ii. Exfoliation is common in desert areas (3) (1) c) Frost action Copied: http://ktcomilloniportfolio.wikispaces.com/Weathering (4) d) Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller particles in situ by weather elements, plants and animals While Erosion is the wearing away(corrosion/abrasion) and breaking down of rocks(attrition) and the transportation of broken down rocks from one place to another. (2) e) Chemical weathering is common in equatorial region because it is too humid and average temperature is high. (2) f) Two effects of weathering on the environment Stalactites (structures in Sekubu cave) Stalagmites Grikes (2) QUESTION 3 a) Properties of soil Texture Structure Colour b) Three factors affecting soil formation Climate Topography Vegetation cover Parent material Permeability Thickness pH (3) (3) c) i. Leaching: Drain away from soil the soluble minerals ii. Soil Profile: a vertical section of soil from the ground surface to the parent rock. iii. Soil Erosion: the wearing, breaking and or washing away of soil by the flow of water, wind, waves, glaciers and gravity. (6) d) two agents of erosion running water wind Glaciers (Moving ice) Waves Gravity (2) e) i. Human Malpractice that cause soil erosion Deforestation Overgrazing lifestock Ploughing up and down the slope (3) ii. How each problem can be solved. Afforestation Practicing Rotational grazing Ploughing across the slope (3) QUESTION 4 a) Processes of wind erosion Deflation Abrasion Attrition (3) b) Saltation is the process whereby the sand-sized particles carried by wind bounce along the ground surface in a ‘leap-frog’ movement (2) http://revisionworld.co.uk/a2-level-level-revision/geography/arid-and-semiarid-environments-0 /features-produced-wind-erosion (5) [Total: 70 marks] Compiled by Ntate ’Musa,M. (Deputy Principal @ www.soofiaems.org) Sept 2013.