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Cut and GLUE Life Cycle of a Star Types of STARS Life cycle of an AVERAGE star: Nebula: gas and dust (high mass stars are bigger) • The center of the nebula gets hotter as it shrinks, b/c of friction. • Nuclear fusion of H begins at 14 million degrees K. Main Sequence Stage • “Middle Age” This is where stars spend most of their lives. • The larger the mass, the SHORTER the life span. Low mass stars (Sun) then become a RED GIANT • The star expands up to 100 times its original size after its hydrogen is depleted • At this point the star will collapse Planetary nebula At the end of the red giant stage, the star blows its outer layer of ionized gases off into space. White Dwarf: Eventually gravity crushes the matter in the star into a small planet-sized core of immense density that’s very bright. Black Dwarf: dead star • Eventually a white dwarf will cool down and form a black dwarf. • A ball of gas which is not capable of nuclear fusion within its core. The Fate of the Sun/Earth https://youtu.be/peNeE3qCMH8 Life cycle of a MASSIVE star: Nebula: gas and dust (high mass stars are bigger) • The center of the nebula gets hotter as it shrinks, b/c of friction. • Nuclear fusion of H begins at 14 million degrees K. Main Sequence Stage “Middle Age” This is where stars spend most of their lives. Are born on the main sequence, but run out of Hydrogen faster. (MORE mass, MORE hydrogen, MORE energy.) The violent death of a high mass star, occurring when nuclear fusion within the star can no longer produce the heat required for equilibrium. The star collapses and then EXPLODES!!!! If the collapsed core of a supernova is 2X the size of sun, it shrinks to 20 km in size with the density of 1 tsp weighing 100 million metric tons!!!! If the collapsed core is 3X or more massive than the sun: An incredibly dense object whose gravity is so strong that not even visible light can escape from it forms. Black holes seem to warp space and time around them. Our Sun: Is a low-mass star that will follow the red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf stages in approximately the next 5 billion years….we will NOT EXPLODE into a supernova! Planet/Star Comparison https://youtu.be/HEheh1BH34Q