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Space Vocabulary for Journal through: March 29, 2011 Page 48 1. System – A system is made up of parts that work together. 2. Solar system – A large solar system is a large planetary system that consists of a combination of many smaller planetary systems and objects. 3. Planet – A planet is any of the celestial bodies (other than comets or satellites) that revolve around the sun in the solar system. Page 4. 5. 6. 50 Star – A star is a ball of gases that gives off light and heat. Sun – The sun is a yellow, average, middle-aged star. Asteroids – Asteroids are pieces of rock and metal similar to that which formed planets. Page 52 7. Comet – A comet is a lump of ice, rock, frozen gas, and dust that orbits the sun. 8. Meteoroid – A meteoroid is small pieces of comet that move through space. 9. Meteorite – A meteorite is a meteoroid that strikes the earth. Page 54 10. Meteor – A meteor is a small meteoroid that burns up in Earth’s atmosphere. 11. Asteroid Belt – the Asteroid Belt is a region between Mars and Jupiter where most asteroids are found. 12. Light-year - A light-year is used to measure distance in space. It is equal to the distance that light travels in one year. Page 56 13. Galaxy – A galaxy is a group of stars, gases, and dust held together by gravity and that travels through space. 14. Universe – The universe is all matter and energy, including the earth, all solar systems and galaxies. 15. Atmosphere – The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the earth. Page 58 16. Astronomy – Astronomy is the study of outer space and all the objects in it. Science Vocabulary on Space will be updated as we enter it into our journals. 17. Axis – An axis is an imaginary line that goes through the center of a planet from top to bottom. 18. Rotation – Rotation is the spinning of a planet on its axis. Page 60 19. Orbit – An orbit is the curved path of a satellite around another body in space. 20. Natural satellite – A natural satellite is a celestial body that orbits a planet or smaller body. Example: our moon 21. Big Bang Theory – The Big Bang Theory is a scientific theory explaining the formation of the planets. Page 62 22. Gases – One of the states of matter is gas. Gases make up the air in our atmosphere. 23. Black hole – A black hole is a massive star that has collapsed in on it and whose gravity is so strong that it pulls everything in, even light. 24. Constellation – A constellation is a group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky. Page 64 25. The Milky Way – The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy where Earth is located. 26. Nebula – A nebula is a cloud of gas and dust in space that forms stars. 27. Sunspots – Sunspots are dark areas on the sun cooler than the surrounding areas. Page 66 28. Galilean moon – The Galilean Moons are the four moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei in January 1610. 29. Quasar – A quasar is a burst of bright light and energy from a black hole that has pulled in matter. 30. Solar eclipse – A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and the sun. Page 68 31. Lunar eclipse – A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth blocks the sun’s light from the moon. Science Vocabulary on Space will be updated as we enter it into our journals. 32. Absolute magnitude – Absolute magnitude is the measure of the amount of light a star actually gives off. 33. Apparent magnitude – Apparent magnitude is the measure of the amount of a star’s light we see on Earth. Page 70 34. Phases – The changes in the moon’s appearance are called phases. There are 8 phases. 35. Maria – Maria are large, dark areas of the moon that were once mistaken for seas and oceans. 36. Solar noon – Solar noon is defined as the time when the sun is highest in the sky. Science Vocabulary on Space will be updated as we enter it into our journals.