Download Anatomy Notes 9_26

Figure 5.26c The bony pelvis.
False pelvis
Gender Differences of the Pelvis
Inlet of
true
pelvis
§ The female’s pelvis:
§ Inlet is larger and more circular
§ Pelvis as a whole is shallower, and the bones are
lighter and thinner
§ Ilia flare more laterally
§ Sacrum is shorter and less curved
§ Ischial spines are shorter and farther apart; thus, the
outlet is larger
§ Pubic arch is more rounded because the angle of the
pubic arch is greater
Pelvic brim
Pubic arch
(less than 90°)
False pelvis
Inlet of
true
pelvis
Pelvic brim
(c)
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Pubic arch
(more than 90°)
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Lower Limbs Bones of the Lower Limbs
§ Femur—thigh bone
•  Carries the en,re weight of the erect body •  Bones of lower limb are thicker and stronger than those of upper limb •  Divided into 3 segments: the thigh, leg, and foot © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
§ The heaviest, strongest bone in the body
§ Proximal end articulation
§  Head articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal
(hip) bone
§ Distal end articulation
§  Lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia in
the lower leg
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
Figure 5.26a The bony pelvis.
Figure 5.27a Bones of the right thigh and leg.
Neck
Head
Intertrochanteric
line
Lesser
trochanter
Iliac crest
Sacroiliac
joint
Ilium
Coxal bone
(or hip bone)
Sacrum
Pelvic brim
Coccyx
Pubis
Ischial spine
Acetabulum
Ischium
Pubic symphysis
(a)
Pubic arch
Lateral
condyle
Patellar
surface
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
(a)
Figure 5.27b Bones of the right thigh and leg.
Greater
trochanter
Head
Lesser
trochanter
Intertrochanteric
crest
Gluteal
tuberosity
Bones of the Lower Limbs
§ The lower leg has two bones
1.  Tibia—shinbone; larger and medially oriented
§  Proximal end articulation
§  Medial and lateral condyles articulate with the femur to
form the knee joint
2.  Fibula—thin and sticklike; lateral to the tibia
§  Has no role in forming the knee joint
Intercondylar
fossa
Medial
condyle
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
(b)
Lateral
condyle
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
2
Figure 5.27c Bones of the right thigh and leg.
Bones of the Lower Limbs
Intercondylar
eminence
Medial
condyle
Lateral
condyle
Head
Tibial
tuberosity
Proximal
tibiofibular
joint
Interosseous
membrane
Anterior
border
Fibula
Tibia
§ The foot
§ Tarsals—7 bones
§  Two largest tarsals
§  Calcaneus (heel bone)
§  Talus
§ Metatarsals—5 bones form the sole of
the foot
§ Phalanges—14 bones form the toes
Distal
tibiofibular
joint
Lateral
malleolus
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Medial
malleolus
(c)
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 5.28 Bones of the right foot, superior view.
Phalanges:
Distal
Middle
Proximal
Then the LORD God said to
the snake…
I will put enmity between
you and the woman, and
between your offspring and
hers;
They will strike at your head,
while you strike at their
heel.
Tarsals:
Medial
cuneiform
Intermediate
cuneiform
Navicular
Metatarsals
Tarsals:
Lateral
cuneiform
Cuboid
Talus
Genesis 3:14-15
Calcaneus
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
3
Figure 5.29 Arches of the foot.
Arches of the Foot
§ Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong
arches
Medial longitudinal arch
§ Two longitudinal
§ One transverse
Transverse arch
Lateral longitudinal
arch
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
4