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Figure 5.26c The bony pelvis. False pelvis Gender Differences of the Pelvis Inlet of true pelvis § The female’s pelvis: § Inlet is larger and more circular § Pelvis as a whole is shallower, and the bones are lighter and thinner § Ilia flare more laterally § Sacrum is shorter and less curved § Ischial spines are shorter and farther apart; thus, the outlet is larger § Pubic arch is more rounded because the angle of the pubic arch is greater Pelvic brim Pubic arch (less than 90°) False pelvis Inlet of true pelvis Pelvic brim (c) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Pubic arch (more than 90°) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Lower Limbs Bones of the Lower Limbs § Femur—thigh bone • Carries the en,re weight of the erect body • Bones of lower limb are thicker and stronger than those of upper limb • Divided into 3 segments: the thigh, leg, and foot © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. § The heaviest, strongest bone in the body § Proximal end articulation § Head articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal (hip) bone § Distal end articulation § Lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia in the lower leg © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Figure 5.26a The bony pelvis. Figure 5.27a Bones of the right thigh and leg. Neck Head Intertrochanteric line Lesser trochanter Iliac crest Sacroiliac joint Ilium Coxal bone (or hip bone) Sacrum Pelvic brim Coccyx Pubis Ischial spine Acetabulum Ischium Pubic symphysis (a) Pubic arch Lateral condyle Patellar surface © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. (a) Figure 5.27b Bones of the right thigh and leg. Greater trochanter Head Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric crest Gluteal tuberosity Bones of the Lower Limbs § The lower leg has two bones 1. Tibia—shinbone; larger and medially oriented § Proximal end articulation § Medial and lateral condyles articulate with the femur to form the knee joint 2. Fibula—thin and sticklike; lateral to the tibia § Has no role in forming the knee joint Intercondylar fossa Medial condyle © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. (b) Lateral condyle © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Figure 5.27c Bones of the right thigh and leg. Bones of the Lower Limbs Intercondylar eminence Medial condyle Lateral condyle Head Tibial tuberosity Proximal tibiofibular joint Interosseous membrane Anterior border Fibula Tibia § The foot § Tarsals—7 bones § Two largest tarsals § Calcaneus (heel bone) § Talus § Metatarsals—5 bones form the sole of the foot § Phalanges—14 bones form the toes Distal tibiofibular joint Lateral malleolus © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Medial malleolus (c) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 5.28 Bones of the right foot, superior view. Phalanges: Distal Middle Proximal Then the LORD God said to the snake… I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; They will strike at your head, while you strike at their heel. Tarsals: Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Navicular Metatarsals Tarsals: Lateral cuneiform Cuboid Talus Genesis 3:14-15 Calcaneus © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Figure 5.29 Arches of the foot. Arches of the Foot § Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches Medial longitudinal arch § Two longitudinal § One transverse Transverse arch Lateral longitudinal arch © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 4