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Civil War Battle Chart Some battles of the Civil War had 2 names because both sides gave a name to the battle. Generally speaking the name that stuck was the one given by the Victor of the battle. The Confederacy named the battle after the nearest body of water. (with the exception of Bull Run) The Union named the battle after the nearest town or settlement. 700,000 men died in the Civil War, all Americans. Winfield Scott First commander of the Union Army, he came up with the battle plan- the Anaconda Plan, - the plan for Union victory, Anaconda Plan has 3 parts…. o an effective "Blockade" of Southern ports, o a strong thrust down the Mississippi Valley with a large force, o and the establishment of a line of strong Federal positions there would isolate the disorganized Confederate nation he is in his 70’s at the time of the war. He as known as “Old Fuss & Feathers” All other leaders in the Union are under the command of Winfield Scott. The Union Army was huge! Lincoln wanted to end the war quickly, very impatient president. Regiments – were made up of men from the same area. This was a problem because in a battle, an entire town’s worth of men could be wiped out in a battle. Date Location Battle April 12-13, 1861 Charleston, SC Fort Sumter May 18-19, 1861 Norfolk Cty, Virginia Sewell’s Point July 16-22 1861 First Bull Run (U) Peninsular Campaign Description Leaders Casualti es Victor Result Goal: To remove the Union and those affiliated with the Union from Fort Sumter in Charleston SC Anderson (USA) Beauregard (CSA) None C.S.A Union surrendered Fort Sumter to the Confederac y First Battle of the Civil War C.S.A. Union retreats, Confederac y wins! Enlightened both sides. Showed the Union that this war was not going to be easy. Gave the Confederacy confidence. Part of the blockade of the Chesapeake Bay Two Union gunboats, including USS Monticello, dueled with Confederate batteries on Sewell's Point in an attempt to enforce the blockade of Hampton Roads.. Winfield Scott wanted to end the war quickly because Lincoln pressured him. He forced an unorganized, undisciplined and untrained army to fight. Manassas is very chaotic. There were spectators/civilians who watched the battle. Shows that neither side fully understood the magnitude of the war they were in. The Union retreats back toward Washington. The Confederacy now believes they won. They did win the battle, but not the war. Lincoln was shocked! A big offensive planned and led by Union Gen. George B. McClellan, that took place from March to July 1862. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, hoped to seize Richmond, Virginia, a goal which he came within five miles of achieving. Significance Alt. Name The two sides did each other little harm (U) Irvin McDowell (C) Battle of Manassas (C) April 6-7 1862 Southwestern, Tennessee , known as the Western Theatre or Western Campaign Battle of Shiloh -Prior to Shiloh, the Union had victories in Fort Henry & Fort Donaldson. -Shiloh is in Tennessee. -Shiloh means peace. -The battle gets its name from the church -The battle of Shiloh begins in the Tennessee/Mississippi border -Confederate Troops were stationed in Mississippi. -The Union troops were in Shiloh -The Union troops wanted to move down and stop the Confederacy in the Mississippi area. -The Union plans were discovered by the Confederacy, they decided to counterattack -They met on the border, in Shiloh April 6, first day of the battle the Confederacy is “hammering” the Union. -In the “Hornet’s Nest”, a group of thickets (trees) there was heavy fighting and heavy casualties. April 6th. Looks like the Confederates will win. -April 6th – nighttime, 25,000 Union soldiers arrive as reinforcement. -Fighting resumes the next day. The Confederacy is not prepared. Johnston is killed. -The Union pushes the Confederacy back into Mississippi and towards the Gulf of Mexico. -The Confederacy starts to retreat. The Union gains control of the railroads, but does not pursue the Confederacy after the battle of Shiloh. -Had the Union pursued the Confederacy, the war may have been over sooner, but Hallack argued with Grant because Hallack did not want to pursue the Confederacy. Beauregard & Johnston (C) 23,700 killed or wounded in 2 days. Commander Hallack led the Union troops General Beull (U) & Major General Grant (U) CSA 10,700 Grant had tremendous success out West. Union 13,000 Union The Confederat es were forced to retreat. Bloodiest battle in United States history up to that time, Confederat es did not block the Union advance into northern Mississippi. The first battle of the Civil War to display heavy casualties Confederates did not block the Union advance into northern Mississippi. All of the border states are slave-holding states. All of the border states remained with the Union; none of the border states seceded. Border statesKentucky, Missouri, Arkansas Delaware Maryland The Union has control of the Tennessee Valley, and has placed troops between Tennessee and Kentucky. Battle of Pittsburg Landing 7 DAYS BATTLE Second Bull Run A weeklong series of Civil War battles from June 25 to July 1, 1862 that ultimately prevented the Union from capturing Richmond, the Confederate capital. Union forces were mainly under the command of Gen. George B. McClellan and Confederates were under Gen. Robert E. Lee. There were casualties approaching 20, 000 on both sides. The battles marked the end of the Peninsular Campaign. Sept 1862 Sharpsburg, Maryland Battle of Antietam The Confederates had just won the battle of Second Bull Run Purpose of the Battle Antietam was a battle where the Confederacy tried to get to Washington DC. and the Union tried to push the Confederacy back into the southern area Significance Pivotal Battle because it is the first battle to take place in the Union. It was also the bloodiest day in American history. More men died in Antietam than have ever died in American History in one day. Fighting took place in a cornfield, by the time the battle was over, the corn stalks were even with the ground. Lincoln was very impatient… Lincoln said McClellan has a “Case of the slows” meaning it took him forever and he did not get the job done. Antietam was the final straw for McClellan. Lincoln was frustrated! The Union and McClellan had thousands of more men in reserve for the battle but he never called them because he believed that they were not prepared to fight. This allowed Lee to fight to the end! Lincoln has been through many military leaders. GrantEventually, Lincoln has Grant replace McLellen, Eventually we win the war because of sheer numbers, (Grant overwhelms the Confederacy.) Commanders C- Robert E. Lee Commanders U – George McClellan The death toll was staggering. 26,000 to 27,000 The battle was inconclusi ve, neither side really won. 1st battle of the Civil war to take place in the Union, till now all of the battles had taken place in the confederacy, primarily in Virginia and the Carolinas It was also the bloodiest day in American history Sharpsburg (C) is the Confederat e name. Dec. 11- 15 1862- Spotsylvania County and Fredericksbur g, Virginia Fredericksbu rg After repelling the Confederates at the battles of Antietam, Perryville, and Corinth, the Union forces in the fall of 1862 renewed their offensives against Richmond, Chattanooga, and Vicksburg. President Abraham Lincoln replaced Gen. George B. McClellan with Gen. Ambrose Burnside in November 1862 in command of the Army of the Potomac. Burnside proposed to move toward Fredericksburg, Virginia, as a preliminary to an offensive against Richmond. Moving quickly, his army covered 40 miles in two days, leaving Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee guessing as to its destination, but confused orders and bureaucratic bungling delayed the arrival of pontoons for bridging the Rappahannock River for a week. These delays and Burnside's own indecisiveness allowed Lee to concentrate his forces and establish strong defensive positions on the hills behind Fredericksburg. Over 120,000 Union troops under Ambrose E. Burnside were met at Fredericksburg by an entrenched Confederate force of 78,000 under Robert E. Lee. The Union attack failed, resulting in more than 12,500 casualties compared to 5,000 for the Confederates. Commanders Ambrose E. Burnside (U) Robert E. Lee (CSA) CSA 5,000 Union 12,500 C.S.A Burnside was relieved of his command, and the victory restored Confederat e morale lost after the defeat in the Battle of Antietam. is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War. The Union Army suffered terrible casualties in futile frontal assaults Oct 1862 – July 1863 Vicksburg the union wanted to control the Mississippi river, so they attacked many towns(Vicksburg was one of them). Vicksburg gave them control over the Mississippi river, so they had connection to the sea. Fighting in the Civil War in and around Vicksburg, Mississippi between October 1862 and July 1863, when the city finally fell to forces under Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. This gave control of the Mississippi to the Union and split the Confederacy in half. The city was under siege by Union forces for the last six weeks of the campaign; the surviving Confederate forces under Gen. John Pemberton surrendered on July 4th. Gettysburg Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi whose capture on 4 July, Independence Day and the day after Gettysburg, marked the turning point of the American civil war. T