Download unit v geography: the map of the first global civilization

PART 5: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
WESTERN GLOBAL HEGEMONY,
1750 – 1914
I.
SUMMARY
A. Introduction
Between 1750 and 1914, world history was dominated by European imperialism.
These were the decades in which Western civilization experienced the Industrial
Revolution, which transformed the bases of production through new technology
and new sources of power. European dominance in the world economy became
overwhelming. In contrast to the Early Modern Period, when Western power on
land was limited, no area could escape the possibility of extensive European or
United States penetration. International commercial contacts increased steadily;
they were enhanced by major technological innovations. By the 1850s, the leading
issues began to revolve around either resistance or imitation to western influences.
B. From Industrial Revolution to the Beginnings of a Western Breakdown
The beginning of this period focuses on no particular event. More important is the
fact that during the 1750s, the forces that produced Europe’s Industrial Revolution
began to take shape: rapid population growth, expansion of manufacturing, and a
surge of new inventions. Signs of the impact of western industrialization on the
wider world followed quickly. European powers, the United States, and later, Japan
opened markets, economically penetrated countries, fought wars, and seized
colonies. This period drew to a close with the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
C. Population Movements
Western industrialization and imperialism led to huge shifts in the population
structures of various parts of the world. Both basic dynamics and migration
patterns were involved. In the West, birthrates began to decline, but high birthrates
continued elsewhere in the world. Industrialization drew workers to the factories,
while Europeans in nations slow to industrialize and Asians from India and China
immigrated in the millions to the Americas and places offering employment.
D. Diversity in the Age of Western Dominance
The principal complexity in describing the period lies in detailing the diverse
reactions to the growth of Western military and industrial might. One change was
the incorporation of the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand into
an expanded Western civilization. Russia and Japan underwent dramatic internal
changes. China and the Ottoman Empire, along with the Americas, retained their
independence but were increasingly subject to Western influences. Most of the
world experienced outright colonization as great inequalities in world politics,
economics, and exchanges spread.
II.
UNIT OVERVIEW
A. What themes dominated this period of history?
B. What influences did Western civilization have on non-European areas?
C. How did non-Western civilizations respond to Western contacts and influences?
D. What was the connection between industrialization and Western imperialism?
E. What demographic transitions and population movements occurred?
F. How did industrialization and population changes affect the environment?
G. How did industrialization lead to greater social and economic inequality?
H. What scientific, intellectual, and artistic movements influenced this period?
III.
VOCABULARY
A. Imperialism
B. Hegemony
C. Industrialization
D. Demographic Transition
IV.
TIMELINE CHRONOLOGY: BETWEEN 1700 – 1900
Using the timeline, identify these major events.
A. Major inventions and technologies
B. Major wars
C. Major rebellions and revolutions
D. Major independence movements
E. Colonial annexations
F. Which countries tend to dominate this period?
V.
GEOGRAPHY
A. Industrial Development in Key Regional Centers, c. 1900 (Page 531)
1. Identify
a. Centers of industrialization worldwide.
b. The most-industrialized continents.
2. Foreign Investment
a. What nation is the world’s largest investor abroad?
b. Which nation is the largest investor in:
(1) North America?
(2) South America?
(3) Africa?
(4) Asia?
c. Who is the second largest investor in the world?
B. Main Colonial Holdings, c. 1914
1. What was the world’s largest empire? Second largest?
2. Which continents are:
a. Largely European-dominated?
b. Freest from European control?
C. Comparison of Maps
Even if Great Britain did not “own” Argentina, Brazil, and Russia, for example,
if the British invest money and own capital in these nations, how independent is
the country in question?
VI.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The period 1750 – 1914 is characterized by the
A. rise of civilizations.
B. rise of classical religions.
C. rise of transregional civilizations.
D. first global connections.
E. predominance of European imperialism.
2. European and many North American areas were transformed during the period
1750 – 1914 by
A. colonialism.
B. the Industrial Revolution and technology.
C. world war.
D. global trade.
E. the great religions.
3. During this period, the region, which had resisted European penetration from
1450 – 1750, that was mostly carved up into colonies was
A. Africa.
B. South America.
C. North America.
D. East Asia.
E. Southwest Asia.
4. International commercial connections between 1750 and 1914 were enhanced by
A. the rise of the first global trade network.
B. the first mass immigration between continents.
C. the invention of the telephone and television.
D. major technological innovations.
E. the spread of a common system of international diplomatic laws.
5. The period 1750 – 1914 began with
A. the outbreak of World War I, the first global war.
B. the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
C. the American Revolution.
D. a Demographic shift.
E. no particular event.
6. The period 1750 – 1914 ended when
A. the European colonial empires collapsed.
B. the Panama Canal opened.
C. World War I broke out.
D. the Industrial Revolution moved from Europe and North America to Africa,
Latin America, and Asia.
E. the Russian Revolution.
7. The demographic transition from 1750 – 1914 was due to all of these causes
EXCEPT:
A. declining birthrates in industrial nations.
B. the spread of new food plants around the world.
C. decreased death rates due to public health measures.
D. Europe’s percentage of the total world population declined.
E. high birthrates in Africa, Latin America, and Asia.
8. During the 19th century, mass immigration was generally
A. from less developed countries to industrialized nations.
B. surpassed by numbers from the slave trade.
C. from Mexico and Central America to the United States.
D. from China and India to coastal areas.
E. religious in nature.
9. One new development during the period 1750 – 1914 was the
A. first mass migrations between continents.
B. first global trading network.
C. rise of diplomatic relationships.
D. decrease of economic inequalities between regions.
E. rise of international non-governmental agencies such as postal exchanges, the
Red Cross, and the Olympics.
10. For most non-European nations during the period 1750 – 1914, the major
influence on their development was
A. mass population shifts.
B. industrialization.
C. the relationship to the West and its political, economic, and social values.
D. the continuing degradation of the environment.
E. the expansion of the slave trade to include non-Africans.
VII.
ESSAY QUESTIONS
A. Compare and contrast the responses to westernization in any two: Russia, the
Ottoman Empire, China, Japan, or Iran.
B. Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social changes in Russia
around 1905 with Japan in the late 19th century.
C. Compare and contrast the first Industrial Revolution in Western Europe with
the second Industrial Revolution (which spread to Russia, Japan, the United
States, etc.).
D. Compare and contrast any two types of labor systems common in the period:
serfdom, slavery, caste system, or paid workers.
E. Compare and contrast the European 19th century world system with the Muslim
civilization of the 11th century CE.
UNIT V GEOGRAPHY: THE MAP OF THE FIRST GLOBAL CIVILIZATION
Between 1750 and 1914, the world’s geography was defined by technology and colonialism.
Technologies of transportation and communication, trade, venture capital, and migration
created the world’s first global civilization and fueled the competition for and acquisition
of empires. Centers of industry such as the vast Canadian-American complex around the
Great Lakes and the Ruhr of Germany became critical. To facilitate trade and military
power, canals were dug between seas and oceans.
I.
LOCATE
A. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
1. Panama Canal
2. Suez Canal
3. Saint Lawrence Seaway
4. Great Lakes
5. Lake Victoria
B. REGIONS
1. The Ruhr
2. The Balkans
3. Indonesia
II.
IDENITFY AND LOCATE
A. HISTORIC STATES
1. United States
2. Japan
3. Germany
4. Canada
5. Brazil
6. Mexico
7. Haiti
B. CITIES
1. Hong Kong
2. Shanghai
3. New York City
4. Chicago
5. Berlin
6. London
C. COLONIAL EMPIRES
1. British
2. French
3. German
4. Italian
5. Portuguese
6.
7.
8.
9.
Nile River
Niger River
Congo River
Korean Peninsula
4. The Sudan
5. Central Asia
6. Siberia
8. Argentina
9. Ottoman Empire
10. Egypt
11. South Africa
12. China
13. India
7. Paris
8. Manchester
9. Birmingham
10. Tokyo
11. Bombay
6. Dutch
7. Japanese
8. American
9. Russian
10. Belgian