Download Hepatitis

What is hepatitis?
Hepatitis is known as inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring),
cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic
substances (e.g. alcohol, certain drugs), and autoimmune condition can also tend hepatitis.
There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. These 5 types are of greatest concern because of
the burden of illness and causes death and the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. In particular, types B and C
lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis
and cancer.
Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D usually occur as a
result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids and blood contamination. Common modes of transmission for
these viruses include receipt of contaminated blood or blood products, invasive medical procedures using contaminated
equipment and for hepatitis B transmission from mother to baby at birth, from family member to child, and also by
sexual contact.
Acute infection may occur with limited or no symptoms, or may include symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the
skin and eyes), dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
What are the different hepatitis viruses?
Scientists have identified 5 unique hepatitis viruses, identified by the letters A, B, C, D, and E. While all cause liver
disease, they vary in important ways.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is present in the faces of infected persons and is most often transmitted through consumption of
contaminated water or food. Certain sex practices can also spread HAV. Infections are in many cases mild, with most
people making a full recovery and remaining immune from further HAV infections. However, HAV infections can also be
severe and life threatening. Most people in areas of the world with poor sanitation have been infected with this virus.
Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent HAV.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through exposure to infective blood, semen, and other body fluids. HBV can be
transmitted from infected mothers to infants at the time of birth or from family member to infant in early childhood.
Transmission may also occur through transfusions of HBV-contaminated blood and blood products, contaminated
injections during medical procedures, and through injection drug use. HBV also poses a risk to healthcare workers who
sustain accidental needle stick injuries while caring for infected-HBV patients. Safe and effective vaccines are available to
prevent HBV.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mostly transmitted through exposure to infective blood. This may happen through transfusions
of HCV-contaminated blood and blood products, contaminated injections during medical procedures, and through
injection drug use. Sexual transmission is also possible, but is much less common. There is no vaccine for HCV.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections occur only in those who are infected with HBV. The dual infection of HDV and HDV
can result in a more serious disease and worse outcome. Hepatitis B vaccines provide protection from HDV infection.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mostly transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. HEV is a common
cause of hepatitis outbreaks in developing parts of the world and is increasingly recognized as an important cause of
disease in developed countries. Safe and effective vaccines to prevent HEV infection have been developed but are not
widely available.
Hepatitis virus types A, B, C, D and E cause infection and inflammation of the liver that can lead to severe disease and
death.
More than 1 MILLION PEOPLE die each year from disease caused by hepatitis B & C. Most of those infected don’t know
they have it, INCREASING THE RISK of developing severe liver disease and transmitting the virus to others.
If you have any symptoms of hepatitis, get tested. Don’t be late.
The tests we are offering for hepatitis are:
HE30
HEPATITIS A IGG ANTIBODY
HE31
HEPATITIS A VIRUS IgM ANTIBODIES
HE32
HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN NEUTRALIZATION (WITH CONFIRMATION )
HE33
HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN[PHOTO]
HE34
HEPATITIS B VIRUS GENOTYPING
HE35
HEPATITIS B VIRUS BASAL CORE PROMOTER MUTATION
HE36
HEPATITIS B VIRUS CORE IgM ANTIBODIES
HE37
HEPATITIS B VIRUS DNA ,QUANTITATIVE
HE38
HEPATITIS B VIRUS DNA DETECTOR, QUALITATIVE
HE39
HEPATITIS B VIRUS DRUG RESISTANCE (Lamivudine, Telbivudine, Adefovir, Tenofovir and
Entecavir)
HE40
HEPATITIS B VIRUS PRECORE MUTATION
HE41
HEPATITIS Be VIRUS ANTIGEN
HE42
HEPATITIS Be VIRUS ANTIGEN / ANTIBODY EVALUATION
HE43
HEPATITIS Be VIRUS TOTAL ANTIBODIES
HE44
HEPATITIS C ANTIBODIES
HE45
HEPATITIS C VIRUS GENOTYPING
HE46
HEPATITIS C VIRUS RNA PCR, QUALITATIVE
HE47
HEPATITIS C VIRUS RNA, QUANTITATIVE
HE48
HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS IgG ANTIBODIES
HE49
HEPATITIS E VIRUS IgG ANTIBODIES
HE50
HEPATITIS E VIRUS IgM ANTIBODIES
HE51
HEPATITIS G VIRUS RNA
PAN1
ACUTE HEPATITIS VIRUS EVALUATION I HCV ABS, HEV IgM, HBsAg, HAV IgM, HBcoreIgM
ACUTE HEPATITIS VIRUS EVALUATION II HCV ABS, HEV IgM / IgG, HBsAg, HAV IgM, HBeAG,
HBeAb
ACUTE HEPATITIS VIRUS EVALUATION III
HSV IgM, CMV IgM, EBV (EA IgG, VZV
IgM
ACUTE HEPATITIS VIRUS EVALUATION- 1
HCV ABS, HEV IgM, HBsAg, HAV
IgM, HBcoreIgM
ACUTE HEPATITIS VIRUS EVALUATION- 2 HCV ABS, HEV IgM / IgG, HBsAg, HAV IgM, HBeAG,
HBeAb
ACUTE HEPATITIS VIRUS EVALUATION- 3 HSV IgM, CMV IgM, EBV (EA IgG, VZV IgM)
PAN2
PAN3
PAN4
PAN5
PAN6
PAN112
HEPATITIS A VIRUS PANEL
PAN113
HEPATITIS B CORE TOTAL ANTIBODIES
HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIBODIES PANEL
HBsAb, TOTAL WITH
TITRE
HEPATITIS B VIRUS EVALUATION PANEL HBCORE TOTAL &IgM, HBsAb, HBsAg
HEPATITIS A,B,C SCREEN
Hepatitis A IgM, HbsAg, HCV ,LFT
HEPATITIS SCREENING PANEL CBC,SGPT, SGOT, TOTAL BILIRUBIN,DIRECT BILIRUBIN,INDIRECT
BILIRUBIN, HBsAg, HAV IgM, HEP E IGM.
HEPATITIS PROFILE
HAV-IgM, HAV-Total, Anti Hbe; HBeAg, Anti
PAN114
PAN115
PAN116
PAN117
PAN118
IgG & IgM ANTIBODIES
HB10
HBs, HbsAg, HCV Antibody, Anti HBc - IgM,
HBcAb - Total, HEV - IgM
HBeAG NEGATIVE REFLEX TO HBV PRECORE & BASAL CORE MUTATION
HB11
HBV BASAL CORE PROMOTER MUTATION
HB12
HBV DRUG RESISTANCE (Lamivudine, Telbivudine, Adefovir, Tenofovir and Entecavir)
HB13
HBV GENOTYPING
HB14
HBV PRECORE MUTATION
HB15
HBV QUALITATIVE
HB16
HBV QUANTITATIVE
HC17
HCV GENOTYPING
HC18
HCV RNA PCR QUALITATIVE
HC19
HCV RNA QUANTITATIVE
Reference:
1. http://www.who.int/features/qa/76/en/#
2. http://www.who.int/campaigns/hepatitis-day/2014/hepatitis-b-c-d.pdf?ua=1
3. http://www.who.int/campaigns/hepatitis-day/2014/hepatitis-a-e.pdf?ua=1