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Transcript
Athens and the Fall of the City-States Vocabulary • Constitution – a set of rules for government • Democratic – favoring equality for all people • Magistrates – Judges • Council of 500 – group of 500 random Athenian citizens that were chosen to make the laws in Athens Vocabulary • Mercenaries – hired soldiers from another country • Thetes- craftsmen that lived in the city in Athens • Metics – craftsmen that lived outside the city I. Athenian Government • The original form of government looked a lot like Sparta, but fear of an uprising from the lower non-citizen classes forced them to change I. Athenian Government • The noble, Salon, set up a constitution for Athens that set the following rules: - a limit was placed on how much land a person could have - All land owners had voting rights - All laws were passed by Assembly - All debt was erased - Citizenship was extended to artisans working in the city, Thetes - Every father was ordered to teach his son a trade I. Athenian Government • Salon lost power and was replaced by Pisistratus who kept much of Salon’s constitution but added to it. – More land was divided among the poor – Citizens did not have to own land – Encouraged sculpture and art I. Athenian Government • After Athens regained power from Sparta a noble by the name of Cleisthenes , who set up the 1st Democratic Government in Athens. – The citizens of Athens made the laws by setting up the Council of 500 • This made it possible EVERY citizen to have a chance to participate in legislature • Each person could only serve 2 terms I. Athenian Government • Cleisthenes also set up other parts of the Athenian Government: – 10 Army and Navy Generals were elected to run the military and serve as Magistrates in a high court – 1 Commander-in-chief was elected – Freedom of speech was given to Athenian Citizens – All Athenian men 20 and over voted in Assembly II. Athenian Education • Boys were to be educated starting at age 7 – There weren’t public schools, so they either attended private schools or were given a private tutor – They learned how to read, write, do math, play music, and play sports – Emphasis was placed on sports, poetry, plays and music – At age 18 boys born to Athenian Families became citizens II. Athenian Education • Girls were kept in the home to learn house hold duties from their mothers. – Duties included, ordering slaves around, spinning and weaving, and caring for other children in the house – They were forbidden to interact with men or to even leave the home except for funerals and a few other religious events – Considered a woman at age 13, Married off at age 14/15 – Women couldn’t even take part in the arts, all female roles in plays were acted out by men III. Social Structure • All citizens belonged to the group called Freemen, there were 3 groups that made up this top class: 1. Aristocrats 2. Farmers 3. Thetes = urban craftsmen III. Social Structure • The next class of people were the Metics – Lived outside the city and could not own land – They could operate their own business – Some were eventually allowed to become Athenian citizens III. Social Structure • Slaves were the lowest of the social classes – Most Athenian households owned slaves – Slaves held important jobs such as teachers and nurses IV. Decline of Athens • The decline of Athens occurred when they fought a 30 yr war with Sparta • Many of the young Athenian soldiers left to become Spartan mercenaries and Athens lost control to Sparta • When Athens did regain control, they never regained the power they lost V. Decline of the City-State • The City-States began to fight amongst one another which weakened all of them • Leaders began to focus on individual wealth and having a good time • Outside forced were able to take over all of Greece