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Feeding Pathways Hunger vs. Satiety Controlled by communication between the gut and parasympathetic nervous system Neuroscience (Bears, Connors, Paradiso) Some Basic Feeding Terminology • Feeding Behavior: – Hyperphagy: increase in food intake (often used to explain pathological eating) – Hypophagy: decrease in food intake • Feeding Physiology: – Orexigenic: release of a drug or hormone that increases food intake – Anorexigenic: release of a drug or hormone that decrease food intake Peripheral Regulation of Food Intake • Leptin (anorexigenic; satiety) • Ghrelin (orexigenic; hunger) Dysregulation of leptin leads to… • The ob/ob mouse: do not have circulating leptin levels, but this does not mean that they are insensitive to leptin – In fact, they are hypersensitized to exogenously administered leptin. WHY? • animal model of Type II diabetes Central Regulation of Food Intake The BIG THREE hypothalamic areas regulating food intake are: 1) Lateral hypothalamus 2) Ventromedial hypothalamus 3) Arcuate Nucleus Central Regulation of Hyperphagy • NPY/AgRPcontaining enhance feeding behavior Central Regulation of Hypophagy • αMSH/CARTcontaining inhibit feeding behavior Balance Between Two Pathways • Competitive agonism of MSH receptors and antagonism of MC4 receptors by leptin Central Regulation of Thirst • Communication between neurons in the pituitary (organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis [OVLT] and vasopressin-secreting neurons) and kidneys • Diabetes Insipidus