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The Endocrine and Reproductive System What is the Endocrine System? • A system of glands that uses hormones to control many parts of your body. Chemical Messengers • Hormones are chemical messengers that send messages to different parts of your body. • Hormones are made by glands, and then released into the bloodstream. • Once the Hormone finds its ‘Target’, the target tissue will respond. Glands of the Endocrine System • Pituitary Gland–Location- Inside the brain. –Function- Makes hormones that affect growth and reproduction. Glands of the Endocrine System • Pineal Gland–Location- Inside the brain. –FunctionProduces MelatoninHormone that controls our sleep cycle. Glands of the Endocrine System • Thymus–LocationUpper Chest. –FunctionStimulates the creation of infectionfighting cells. Glands of the Endocrine System • Thyroid Gland–Location- Below the Larynx. –Function- Helps to regulate metabolism, and controls how much calcium our bones absorb. Glands of the Endocrine System • Adrenal Glands–Location- On top of Kidneys. –Function- Adrenalin controls how you react to stressful situations. –Controls the Fight or Flight response. Glands of the Endocrine System • PancreasFunction: –Makes the insulin hormone that controls sugar levels in the blood. Glands of the Endocrine System • Testes- Function: –Makes TestosteroneHormone that controls male sex traits. –Also used in sperm production. Glands of the Endocrine System • Ovaries- Function: –Makes Estrogen and ProgesteroneHormones that control female sex characteristics. –Also regulates the menstrual cycle. What is Reproduction? • The process that continues life on earth. • Hormones from the endocrine system help control male and female reproduction. The Male Reproductive System • Penis and Scrotum- The Scrotum contains the two Testes. –Testes- Male sex organs that produces Testosterone and Sperm. The Male Reproductive System • Sperm- Male reproductive cell. • Has a tail and a head- Within the head is hereditary information (DNA). The Male Reproductive System • Fluid is added to the sperm by the Seminal Vesicle and the Prostate. • Once fluid is added to the sperm, it is called Semen. • Semen leaves the body through the Urethra. Female Reproductive System • Ovaries- Female sex organs that produce eggs. • Ovulation- The release of an egg from the ovaries. • Once the egg leaves the ovary, it enters a Fallopian TubeTube that connects the Ovary to the Uterus. – Fertilization of the egg occurs in the Fallopian Tube. Female Reproductive System • Once fertilized, the egg travels to the Uterus- A muscular organ where the egg develops into a baby. • The Cervix- The opening into the Uterus. • The Cervix leads into the Vagina- The birthing tube that leads to outside the body. Development before Birth • After the sperm enters an egg, the two nuclei fuse into one- This creates a Zygote. • After the Zygote attaches to the wall of the Uterus, it is called an Embryo. • After the first two months of pregnancy, the developing embryo is called a Fetus. The Menstrual Cycle • Before an egg is released, the body prepares to have a baby. • The uterus’s wall thickens with blood in case an egg is fertilized. – If the egg is fertilized, the blood gives nutrients to the egg. – If the egg is not fertilized, the blood and egg are flushed out of the body.