Download The Cranial Nerves

The Cranial Nerves
脑 神 经
Names of cranial nerves
Ⅰ Olfactory nerve
Ⅱ Optic nerve
Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve
Ⅳ Trochlear nerve
Ⅴ Trigeminal nerve
Ⅵ Abducent nerve
Ⅶ Facial nerve
Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve
Ⅸ Glossopharyngeal nerve
Ⅹ Vagus nerve
Ⅺ Accessory nerve
Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve
一嗅二视三动眼
四车五叉六外展
七面八听九舌咽
十迷一副舌下全
Fiber components of cranial n.
General somatic afferent(sensory) fibers 一般躯体感觉纤维
Special somatic afferent (sensory) fibers 特殊躯体感觉纤维
General visceral afferent (sensory) fibers 一般内脏感觉纤维
Special visceral afferent (sensory) fibers 特殊内脏感觉纤维
General somatic efferent (motor) fibers 一般躯体运动纤维
Special visceral efferent (motor) fibers 特殊内脏运动纤维
General visceral efferent (motor) fibers一般内脏运动纤维
Classification of cranial nerves
Sensory cranial nerves 感觉性脑神经:
contain only sensory fibers
Ⅰ. Olfactory nerve
Ⅱ. Optic nerve
Ⅷ. Vestibulocochlear nerve
Classification of cranial nerves
Motor cranial nerves 运动性脑神经:
contain only motor fibers
Ⅲ. Oculomotor nerve
Ⅳ. Trochlear nerve
Ⅵ. Abducent nerve
Ⅺ. Accessory nerve
Ⅻ. Hypoglossal nerve
Classification of cranial nerves
Mixed nerves 混合性脑神经: contain both
sensory and motor fibers
Ⅴ. Trigeminal nerve
Ⅶ. Facial nerve
Ⅸ. Glossopharyngeal nerve
Ⅹ. Vagus nerve
Sensory cranial nerves
感觉性脑神经
I．Olfactory nerve
II. Optic nerve
VIII.Vestibulocochlear nerve
Olfactory nerve (I)
Olfactory cell → Olfactory nerve → Cribriform foramina
筛孔 → Olfactory bulb 嗅球
Olfactory nerve
Function:
conduct the
smell
Optic nerve (II)
Ganglion cell of retina → Optic nerve → Optic canal视神经管 →
optic chiasma视交叉→optic tract 视束→ lateral geniculate body外侧
膝状体.
Vestibulocochlear nerve （VIII）
Vestibular nuclei
Cochlear nuclei
Cochlear ganglion
Vestibulocochlear
nerve
Internal acoustic
meatus
Vestibular ganglion
Sensory cranial nerves
N.
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅷ
Location of cell
body
Cranial
exit
Terminal
nuclei
Main
action
Olfactory cells
Cribrifom
foramina
Olfactory
bulb
Smell
Optic
canal
Lateral
geniculate
body
Ganglion cells of
retina
Vestibular
ganglion of
internal ear
Cochlear
ganglionof
internal ear
Internal
acoustic
meatus
Vision
Vestibular
nuclei
Equilibrium
Cochlear
nuclei
Hearing
Motor cranial nerves
运动性脑神经
III.Oculomotor nerve 动眼神经
IV. trochlear nerve 滑车神经
VI. Abducent nerve 展神经
XI. accessory nerve 副神经
XII. hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经
Oculomotor nerve（III）
Components
General somatic motor（efferent） fiber arises from
oculomotor nucleus 动眼神经核
General visceral motor （efferent） fiber arises from
accessory oculomotor nucleus 动眼神经副核
supplies : Superior, inferior and medial recti; inferior obliquus;
上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、下斜肌
levator palpebrae superioris上睑提肌
Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle睫状肌和瞳孔括约肌
动眼神经核
动眼神经副核
Oculomotor nerve（ IV ）
Course:
•Leave the brain at the interpeduncular fossa脚间窝
•Via superior orbital fissure 眶上裂enter the orbital cavity
Oculomotor
nerve
动眼神经
Ciliary ganglion
睫状神经节
The injury of the oculomotor n. may lead to:
Droping of the upper eyelid
上睑下垂
lateral strabismus 外斜视
Dilation of the pupil 瞳孔扩大
The pupillary reflexes disappear
瞳孔光反射消失
Oculamotor paralysis
Trochlear nerve（ IV ）
arises from the trochlear nucleus,
and pass through the superior orbital fissure眶上裂to supply
the superior obliquus上斜肌
trochlear nerve
Abducent nerve（ VI ）
arises from the abducent nucleus, and pass through the superior
orbital fissure to supply the lateral rectus外直肌
Abducent nerve
Accessory nerve（ XI ）
Cranial root 脑根：arises from nucleus ambiguus疑核;
Spinal root脊髓根 ： arises from the accessory nucleus副神经核
pass through jugular foramen颈静脉孔,and supplies 2 muscles
Accessory nerve
sternocleidom
astoid
trapezius
Hypoglossal nerve （ XII）
Hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal
nucleus
Hypoglossal nerve
Function of Hypoglossal nerve
supplies the intrinsic
and extrinsic muscles
of the Tongue
extend the tongue
with Contraction
So what happens if the CN12
has been damaged
?
Motor cranial nerves
N.
Nucleus of origin
Cranial exit
Oculomotor nucleus
Superior orbital
fissure
Ⅲ
Accessory nucleus of
oculomotor
(Parasympathetic )
supply
superior, inferior and
medial recti; inferior
obliquus; levator palpebrae
superioris
sphincter pupillea and
ciliary muscl
Ⅳ
Trochlear nucleus
Superior orbital
fissure
superior obliquus
Ⅵ
Abducent nsucleu
Superior orbital
fissure
lateral rectus
Accessory nucleus
Jugular foramen
sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius
Hypoglossal nucleus
Hypoglossal canal
muscles of tongue
Ⅺ
Ⅻ
Mixed cranial nerves
混合性脑神经
V. Trigeminal nerve
VII.Facial nerve
IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve
X. Vagus nerve
Trigeminal nerve（ V ）
Components of fibers
General somatic afferent fibers: transmit facial
sensation to sensory nuclei of trigeminal nerve, the fibers
have their cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion,
Special viceral efferent fibers: originate from
motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve, and supply
masticatory muscles
Branches
Ophthalmic nerve 眼神经 (Ⅴ1,
sensory)
leave the skull through the superior
orbital fissure 眶上裂, to enter orbital cavity
Branches

Frontal nerve 额神经:
Supratrochlear nerve
滑车上神经
Supraorbital nerve
眶上神经
Lacrimal nerve 泪腺神经:→lacrimal gland
 Nasociliary nerve 鼻睫神经; → eyeball

Distribution:
Visual organ
Part of mucosa of nose鼻
粘膜
Skin above the palpebral
fisure睑裂 and back of
nose
Cerebral dura mater硬脑膜
Maxillary nerve 上颌神经 (Ⅴ2, sensory)
Leave skull through foramen rotundum 圆孔
Branches




Infraorbital nerve
眶下神经
Zygomatic nerve
颧神经
Superior alveolar
nerve
上牙槽神经
Pterygopalatine nerve
翼腭神经
Distribution:
Maxillary teeth
Mucosa of nose and
mouth
Skin between the
palpebral fissure and oral
fissure.
cerebral dura mater
Mandibular nerve 下颌神经 (Ⅴ3, mixed)
Leave the skull through the foramen ovale 卵圆孔 to enter the
infratemporal fossa 颞下窝
Branches





Auriculotemporal nerve
耳颞神经
Buccal nerve 颊神经
Lingual nerve 舌神经
Inferior alveolar nerve
下牙槽神经
Nerve of masticatory
muscles 咀嚼肌神经
Distribution:
cerebral dura mater;
Mandibular teeth and gum牙
龈;
Mucosa of floor of mouth；
Anterior 2/3 of tongue;
Skin of auricular and
temporal regions耳颞区 and
below the oral fissure;
masticatory muscles咀嚼肌,
mylohyoid下颌舌骨肌, and
anterior belly of digastric m二
腹肌前腹.
Facial nerve (Ⅶ)
Components of fibers
Special visceral efferent fiber: fibers originate from facial nucleus面神经核,
and supply facial muscles.
General visceral efferent fiber: fibers arise from superior salivatory nucleus
上泌涎核 and relayed in pterygopalatine ganglion翼腭神经节 and
submandibular ganglion下颌下神经节. The postganglionic fibers supply
lacrimal泪腺, submandibular下颌下腺 and sublingual glands舌下腺.
Special visceral afferent fiber: fiber from taste buds of anterior 2/3 of tongue
which cell bodies are in the geniculate ganglion 膝节 of the facial nerve and
end the nucleus of solitary tract孤束核.
General somatic afferent fiber: fibers distribute the skin of external ear.
Course:
leaves skull through internal
acoustic meatus内耳门, facial canal
面神经管and stylomastoid foramen
茎乳孔, it then enters parotid gland腮腺
where it divides into five Branches
which supply facial Muscles.
Branches within the facial canal
Chorda tympani 鼓索: joins lingual branch of mandibular nerve

To taste buds on anterior two-thirds of tongue.

Relayed in submandibular ganglion(下颌下神经节), the
postganglionic fibers supply submandibular and sublingual
glands
Greater petrosal nerve 岩大神经: fibers pass to
pterygopalatine ganglion 翼腭神经节 and the postganglionic fibers
through the zygomatic and lacrimal nerves to lacrimal gland
Stapedial nerve 镫骨肌神经: to stapedius
Branches outside of facial canal
Temporal branch 颞支
Zygomatic branch 颧支
Buccal branch 颊支
Marginal mandibular
branch 下颌缘支
Cervical branch 颈支
Pterygopalatine ganglion 翼腭神经节 : lies in
pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窝under maxillary nerve
Submandibular ganglion 下颌下神经节: lies between
lingual nerve舌神经 and submandibular gland下颌下腺
Glossopharyngeal nerve (Ⅸ)
Components of fibers
Special visceral efferent fiber: originate
from nucleus ambiguus疑核, and
supply stylopharygeus茎突咽肌.
general visceral efferent fiber: arise
from inferior salivatory nucleus下泌涎核
and ralyed in otic ganglion耳神经节, the
postganglionic fibers supply parotid
gland腮腺.
Special visceral afferent fiber: transmit
the taste of posterior third of tongue to the
nucleus of solitary tract孤束核.
Glossopharyngeal nerve (Ⅸ)
Components of fibers
general visceral afferent fiber:
transmit the visceral sensation from
mucosa of posterior third of tongue,
pharynx咽, auditory tube咽鼓管 and
tympanic cavity鼓室, carotid sinus颈
动脉窦 and glomus颈动脉小球, to the
nucleus of solitary tract.
general somatic afferent fiber:
conduct the sensation from skin of
posterior surface of auricle外耳.
Course: leaves the skull via jugular foramen
Branches
Lingual branches 舌支: to taste
buds and mucosa of posterior third
of tongue
Pharyngeal branches 咽支: take
part in forming the pharyngeal
plexus
Tympanic nerve 鼓室神经: →
tympanic cavity and auditory tube,
and its general visceral motor
fibers via lesser petrosal nerves to
end the otic ganglion耳神经节, the
postganglionic fibers via
auriculotemporal n.(Ⅴ3) to parotid
gland
Branches
Carotid sinus branch 颈动
脉窦支: →carotid sinus and
glomus
Others: tonsillar扁桃体 and
stylophayngeal branches
Otic ganglion 耳神经节: situated
just below foramen ovale
Lingual branches
Pharyngeal branches
Carotid sinus
branch
Vagus nerve (Ⅹ)
components of fibers
general visceral efferent fiber:
originate from dorsal nucleus of
vagus nerve迷走神经背核,
synapse in parasympathetic
ganglion, short postganglionic fibers
innervate cardiac muscles, smooth
muscles and glands of viscera
Special visceral efferent fiber:
originate from the nucleus
ambiguus, to muscles of pharynx
and larynx
Vagus nerve (Ⅹ)
components of fibers
general visceral afferent fiber:
carry impulse from viscera in neck,
thoracic and abdominal cavity to
nucleus of solitary tract
general somatic afferent fiber:
conduct the sensation from auricle,
external acoustic meatus外耳道and
cerebral dura mater to the spinal
nucleus of trigeminal n.
Course
•Exits the skull from jugular foramen
•Descends in the neck in carotid sheath
between internal (or common) carotid artery
and internal jugular vein
Right vagus nerve
Enter thoracic cavity on right side of trachea
and infront of right subclavian a. and passes
posterior to right lung root
Forms posterior esophageal plexus
and posterior vagal trunk
Passes though the esophageal hiatus into
abdominal cavity, then divides into posterior
gastric 胃后支and celiac branches 腹腔支
Left vagus nerve
Enter thoracic cavity between left
common carotid and left
subclavian arteries, Descends
infront of the aortic arch
Passes posterior to the root of left
lung Forms anterior esophageal
plexus and anterior vagal trunk
Passes though the esophageal hiatus
into abdominal cavity, and divides
into anterior gastric and hepatic
branches.
Branches in neck
Superior laryngeal
nerve 喉上神经

Internal branch

which pierces thyrohyoid
membrane to innervates
mucous membrane of
larynx above fissure of
glottis

Internal branch
External branch,
which innervates
cricothyroid
Cervical cardiac
branches 颈心支
descending to terminate in
cardiac plexus
External branch
Branches in thorax
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
喉返神经

Right one hooks around right
subclavian artery, left one hooks
aortic arch

Both ascend in tracheo-esophageal
groove

Nerves enter larynx posterior to
cricothyroid joint, the nerve is now
called inferior laryngeal nerve

Innervations: laryngeal mucosa
below fissure of glottis , all laryngeal
muscles except cricothyroid
Bronchial and esophageal branches
Branches in abdomen
Anterior and posterior gastric
branches

Run close to lesser curvature and
innervate anterior and posterior
surfaces of stomach
Hepatic branches 肝支:
supply liver and gallbladder
Celiac branches:
send branches to celiac plexus whose
fibers distribute with sympathetic fibers to liver,
pancreas, spleen, kidneys, intestine as far as
left colic flexure
Nucleus of
oculomotor n.
Accessory nucleus
of oculomotor n.
Auriculotempor
al nerve
Inferior alveolar
nerve下牙槽神经
The nerve distribution of
tongue 舌的神经分布
• Hypoglossal n. → the
musels of tongue;
• Mandibular n. →
anterior 2/3 mucosa of
tongue;
• Facial n. → anterior
2/3 teste buds of tongue;
• Glossopharygeal n.
→the mucosa and teste
buds of the root of
tongue
?
The nerve distribution of the eyeball
III →sup. Inferior and medial rectus,inferior obliquus
IV→ superior obliquus VI→lateral rectus
Optic n. → visual sense;
Ophthalmic n. →general sense of eyeball;
sympathetic n. →dilator pupillae;
parasympathetic n. →sphincter pupillae and ciliary m.