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Advantages and Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Communication PTCL Training & Development Objectives After completion of this lecture, participants will be able to understand: Advantages and some Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Communication System over Traditional Communication System 2 PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 1) Large Bandwidth • Infinite theoretical Bandwidth . • Optical Carrier Frequency Range: 104 GHz to 107 GHz • Coaxial Cable Bandwidth is up to 500 MHz. • Millimeter Radio Wave Bandwidth is up to 700 MHz. PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 2) Small Physical Size • Fiber Clad Diameter: 50 m to 400m • Fiber Core Diameters: 08 m to 200m 3) Light Weight • Light Glass or Plastic material • Light Plastic or Kevlar Outer Jacket • A few grams per meter PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 4) Electrical Isolation Material: Glass or Plastic (Electrical Insulator) No earth loop problem No interference problem No short-circuits No sparks Suitable for electrically hazardous environment (shocks, explosives) PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 5) Immunity to Interference Optical Fiber is Dielectric Waveguide of glass material Free from Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Free from Radiofrequency Interference (RFI) Free from Electromagnetic Pulses (EMP) due to switching transients Operation unaffected in Electrically Noisy environments Require no shielding Susceptible from Lightning Strikes PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 6) Immunity to Cross Talk • No optical Interference between fibers even if many fibers are in the same cable • No Electrical Signals No Cross Talk 7) Signal Security • Optical Signal cannot be tapped-out without cutting the fiber (thereby shutting down/interrupting the link) Eavesdropping is minimized PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 8) Low Transmission Loss • ITU-T Recommendation G.651 for 850 nm: 4-8 dB/km • Practical Range obtained: 2-4 dB/km • ITU-T Recommendation G.651 for 1310 nm: 1-2 dB/km • Practical Range obtained: 1-1.5 dB/km • ITU-T Recommendation G.651 for 1550 nm: 0.5-1 dB/km • Practical Range obtained: 0.2-0.15 dB/km Bandwidth and Transmission distance is increased PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 9) Ruggedness • OF Cables have very high tensile strengths (typically 600 lb) 10) Flexibility • Can be bend or Twisted to very small radii without damage PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 11) Reliability • Simpler Equipment • Fewer Equipment including Repeaters (sometimes no repeaters) • Very-low Noise and interference Environment • Higher Bandwidths • Better physical properties of optical fiber medium • Higher Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) More Reliable Systems PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 12) Ease of Maintenance • Simpler Equipment • Less Equipment Easy and Cost Effective maintenance 13) Low Cost • Lower Installation Cost • Lower Operating Cost • Lower Bandwidth Cost PTCL Training & Development Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication 14) High-Quality Transmission • BER: Typically 10-09 to 10-11 for Optical Fiber Medium • BER: Typically 10-05 to 10-07 for Copper and Microwave Media 15) Environmental Stability Retention of Transmission Characteristics under Environmental Stresses 1. Less temperature sensitive as compare to copper. 2. Lower Corrosion Rates than copper . PTCL Training & Development Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Communication 1) Radiation Hardness Fiber darkens to some degree when bombarded by high energy radiations 2) Nonconductor Cannot Transmit Electrical Power for energizing Telecomm Equipment PTCL Training & Development Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Communication 3) Bend Strength Lower Bend Strengths. Cables are generally designed to avoid this situation 4) Hydrogen Absorption H2 molecules can be absorbed and diffused in silica fibers and produce attenuation 5) Line Transmission Optical Fiber Communication is not a wireless system and there is always an cable between transmitters and receivers. PTCL Training & Development Thanks 16 PTCL Training & Development