Download DiscBio_C11.2 Voc definitions

Discover Biology, 5th Ed., Anu Singh-Cundy & Michael Cain, WW Norton & Co., New York. ©2012
Chapter 11.2: Stem Cells, Cancer, & Human Health, pp 260-271.
Vocabulary:
1 anchorage dependence; 2 angiogenesis; 3 benign tumor; 4 cancer cell; 5 carcinogen; 6 chemotherapy;
7 cryosurgery; 8 growth factor; 9 hormone; 10 hormone therapy; 11 metastasis; 12 mutation;
13 negative growth regulator; 14 oncogene; 15 positive growth regulator; 16 precancerous cell;
17 primary tumor; 18 proto-oncogene; 19 radiation therapy; 20 receptor protein; 21 secondary tumor;
22 signal transduction pathway; 23 somatic mutation; 24 telomere; 25 tumor; 26 tumor suppressor gene
1. requirement of cells to remain attached to their extracellular matrix or to other cells
2. the creation of new blood vessels in a particular area
3. cell mass formed by inappropriate proliferation that remains confined to 1 site
4. malignant cells that become anchorage independent and invasive into other tissues
5. any physical, chemical or biological agent that elevates the risk of cancer
6. treatment of high doses of chemical poisons to treat cancer
7. use of extremely cold temperatures to kill abnormal cells, usually precancerous or cancer cells
8. signaling molecules that play important role in initiating & maintaining cell proliferation
9. signaling molecules that are produced in 1 gland & travel through the bloodstream to ac t elsewhere
10. manipulation of hormone environment in/ of the body to halt or pause cancer cell growth
11. the spread of disease from 1 organ to another
12. a change in the DNA sequence
13. any & all factors that put the brakes on cell division
14. genes that have become hyperactive due to DNA mutations, causing unregulated cell growth
15. a blanket term for all factors that stimulate cell division
16. cells from benign tumors that become increasingly abnormal with respect to size & shape
17. cell mass due to inappropriate proliferation that is located at its initial site
18. genes coding for positive growth regulators, controlling normal cell division
19. use of high-energy radiation to attack cancerous cells
20. proteins that bind signaling molecules to initiate a stepwise sequence of protein activities
21. cell mass due to inappropriate proliferation that is at a site distant to its initial location
22. a series of cellular activities relaying external signals from membrane receptors through the cytoplasm
23. nonhereditary mutations
24. the tips of our chromosomes
25. cell mass formed by the inappropriate proliferation of cells
26. genes that restrain cell division or cell migration