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Discover Biology, 5th Ed., Anu Singh-Cundy & Michael Cain, WW Norton & Co., New York. ©2012
Chapter 11: Stem Cells, Cancer, & Human Health, pp 252-273.
Vocabulary:
1 adult stem cells; 2 anchorage dependence; 3 angiogenesis; 4 benign tumor; 5 blastocyst; 6 cancer cell;
7 carcinogen; 8 cell culture; 9 cell differentiation; 10 chemotherapy; 11 cryosurgery; 12 DNA; 13 embryo
14 embryonic stem cell; 15 fetus; 16 gene; 17 gene expression; 18 growth factor; 19 hormone;
20 hormone therapy; 21 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC); 22 inner cell mass; 23 metastasis;
24 mitotic division; 25 multipotent; 26 mutation; 27 negative growth regulator; 28 oncogene; continued…
1. class of stem cells that can yield some or all of the specialized cell types of their specific tissue or organ
2. requirement of cells to remain attached to their extracellular matrix or to other cells
3. the creation of new blood vessels in a particular area
4. cell mass formed by inappropriate proliferation that remains confined to 1 site
5. hollow sphere of ~ 150 dividing cells derived from the morula in mammalian development
6. tumor cells capable of invading other cells due to their anchorage independence
7. any physical, chemical or biological agent that elevates the risk of cancer
8. maintenance of cells in laboratory that provides nutrient broth in plastic dishware for optimal growth
9. developmental process by which a cell acquires a specialized function
10. treatment of high doses of chemical poisons to treat cancer
11. use of extremely cold temperatures to kill abnormal cells, usually precancerous or cancer cells
12. molecule storing genetic information as a precise sequence of 4 nucleotides used in the genetic code
13. the mass of cells that are derived from the morula (post-zygotic cells) and give rise to the adult body
14. class of stem cells that can give rise to all 220 different cell types in the human body
15. developmental stage in which the organism has produced the main tissue types of all organ systems
16. segment of DNA that codes for a distinct inherited characteristic
17. creation of a functional product (RNA, protein, etc.) using the coding information stored in a gene
18. signaling molecules that play important role in initiating & maintaining cell proliferation
19. signaling molecules that are produced in 1 gland & travel through the bloodstream to ac t elsewhere
20. manipulation of hormone environment in/ of the body to halt or pause cancer cell growth
21. any cell genetically reprogrammed to mimic the pluripotent behavior of embryonic stem cells
22. a group of ~ 30 cells within the blastocyst which gives rise to the embryo proper
23. the spread of disease from 1 organ to another
24. process by which a parent cell divides to become 2 genetically identical daughter cells
25. ability of adult somatic stem cells to differentiate into a smaller repertoire of cell types
26. a change in the DNA sequence
27. any & all factors that put the brakes on cell division
28. genes that have become hyperactive due to DNA mutations, causing unregulated cell growth
29 pluripotent; 30 positive growth regulator; 31 precancerous cell; 32 primary tumor; 33 proto-oncogene
34 radiation therapy; 35 receptor protein; 36 regenerative medicine; 37 secondary tumor;
38 signal transduction pathway; 39 somatic mutation; 40 stem cell; 41 telomere; 42 totipotent; 43 tumor
44 tumor suppressor gene; 45 unipotent; 46 zygote
29. cells that are capable of producing all cell types in the adult body with the exception of the birth sac
30. a blanket term for all factors that stimulate cell division
31. cells from benign tumors that become increasingly abnormal with respect to size & shape
32. cell mass due to inappropriate proliferation that is located at its initial site
33. genes coding for positive growth regulators, controlling normal cell division
34. use of high-energy radiation to attack cancerous cells
35. proteins that bind signaling molecules to initiate a stepwise sequence of protein activities
36. field using stem cells for repairing or replacing tissues & organs damaged by disease or injury
37. cell mass due to inappropriate proliferation that is at a site distant to its initial location
38. a series of cellular activities relaying external signals from membrane receptors through the cytoplasm
39. nonhereditary mutations
40. undifferentiated cells with the extraordinary attribute of self-renewal
41. the tips of our chromosomes
42. cells that can give rise to any cell type in the organism
43. cell mass formed by the inappropriate proliferation of cells
44. genes that restrain cell division or cell migration
45. the ability of adult somatic stem cells to differentiate into only 1 cell type
46. a single cell product of the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell