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Discover Biology, 5th Ed., Anu Singh-Cundy & Michael Cain, WW Norton & Co., New York. ©2012 Chapter 11: Stem Cells, Cancer, & Human Health, pp 252-273. Vocabulary: 1 adult stem cells; 2 anchorage dependence; 3 angiogenesis; 4 benign tumor; 5 blastocyst; 6 cancer cell; 7 carcinogen; 8 cell culture; 9 cell differentiation; 10 chemotherapy; 11 cryosurgery; 12 DNA; 13 embryo 14 embryonic stem cell; 15 fetus; 16 gene; 17 gene expression; 18 growth factor; 19 hormone; 20 hormone therapy; 21 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC); 22 inner cell mass; 23 metastasis; 24 mitotic division; 25 multipotent; 26 mutation; 27 negative growth regulator; 28 oncogene; continued… 1. class of stem cells that can yield some or all of the specialized cell types of their specific tissue or organ 2. requirement of cells to remain attached to their extracellular matrix or to other cells 3. the creation of new blood vessels in a particular area 4. cell mass formed by inappropriate proliferation that remains confined to 1 site 5. hollow sphere of ~ 150 dividing cells derived from the morula in mammalian development 6. tumor cells capable of invading other cells due to their anchorage independence 7. any physical, chemical or biological agent that elevates the risk of cancer 8. maintenance of cells in laboratory that provides nutrient broth in plastic dishware for optimal growth 9. developmental process by which a cell acquires a specialized function 10. treatment of high doses of chemical poisons to treat cancer 11. use of extremely cold temperatures to kill abnormal cells, usually precancerous or cancer cells 12. molecule storing genetic information as a precise sequence of 4 nucleotides used in the genetic code 13. the mass of cells that are derived from the morula (post-zygotic cells) and give rise to the adult body 14. class of stem cells that can give rise to all 220 different cell types in the human body 15. developmental stage in which the organism has produced the main tissue types of all organ systems 16. segment of DNA that codes for a distinct inherited characteristic 17. creation of a functional product (RNA, protein, etc.) using the coding information stored in a gene 18. signaling molecules that play important role in initiating & maintaining cell proliferation 19. signaling molecules that are produced in 1 gland & travel through the bloodstream to ac t elsewhere 20. manipulation of hormone environment in/ of the body to halt or pause cancer cell growth 21. any cell genetically reprogrammed to mimic the pluripotent behavior of embryonic stem cells 22. a group of ~ 30 cells within the blastocyst which gives rise to the embryo proper 23. the spread of disease from 1 organ to another 24. process by which a parent cell divides to become 2 genetically identical daughter cells 25. ability of adult somatic stem cells to differentiate into a smaller repertoire of cell types 26. a change in the DNA sequence 27. any & all factors that put the brakes on cell division 28. genes that have become hyperactive due to DNA mutations, causing unregulated cell growth 29 pluripotent; 30 positive growth regulator; 31 precancerous cell; 32 primary tumor; 33 proto-oncogene 34 radiation therapy; 35 receptor protein; 36 regenerative medicine; 37 secondary tumor; 38 signal transduction pathway; 39 somatic mutation; 40 stem cell; 41 telomere; 42 totipotent; 43 tumor 44 tumor suppressor gene; 45 unipotent; 46 zygote 29. cells that are capable of producing all cell types in the adult body with the exception of the birth sac 30. a blanket term for all factors that stimulate cell division 31. cells from benign tumors that become increasingly abnormal with respect to size & shape 32. cell mass due to inappropriate proliferation that is located at its initial site 33. genes coding for positive growth regulators, controlling normal cell division 34. use of high-energy radiation to attack cancerous cells 35. proteins that bind signaling molecules to initiate a stepwise sequence of protein activities 36. field using stem cells for repairing or replacing tissues & organs damaged by disease or injury 37. cell mass due to inappropriate proliferation that is at a site distant to its initial location 38. a series of cellular activities relaying external signals from membrane receptors through the cytoplasm 39. nonhereditary mutations 40. undifferentiated cells with the extraordinary attribute of self-renewal 41. the tips of our chromosomes 42. cells that can give rise to any cell type in the organism 43. cell mass formed by the inappropriate proliferation of cells 44. genes that restrain cell division or cell migration 45. the ability of adult somatic stem cells to differentiate into only 1 cell type 46. a single cell product of the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell