Download 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory

2.06 Understand the functions
and disorders of the respiratory
system
2.06 Understand the functions and
disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions
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What are the functions of the respiratory system?
What are some disorders of the respiratory system?
How are disorders of the respiratory system treated?
What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
respiratory system?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Functions of the Respiratory System
Functions:
1.
2.
Exchange of oxygen &
carbon dioxide through
respiration
Production of sound
What is the relevance to
your health?

We must have a constant
supply of oxygen for the body
to survive
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Pathway of air to the lungs:
Nose > Pharynx >
Larynx > Trachea >
Bronchi > Bronchioles >
Alveoli
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Types Respiration
*External
respiration=Breathing
which takes place in the
lungs
*Internal respiration=the
exchange of carbon
dioxide and oxygen
between cells and lymph
Cellular
respiration=occurs within
Understand the functions and disorders
the cells of the2.06body
of the respiratory system

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Types Respiration
Inspiration + Expiration
 Expiration= Diaphragm
relaxes & moves
upward. This decreases
the air volume in the
lungs & we breathe out.
Then the opposite occurs:
Expiration
 Inspiration=Diaphragm
contracts & moves
downward. This
increases the air
volume in the2.06lungs
&
Understand the functions and disorders
we breathe in. of the respiratory system
Inspiration
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Control of breathing

*REMEMBER THIS!

*On INHALATION,
the diaphragm
CONTRACTS!

*On EXHALATION,
the diaphragm
RELAXES!
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Breathing Cycle
1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration
(Take air in)
(expel air)
How many times does a normal adult breath per
minute?
14-20
respirations
per minute
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Control of breathing
Neural (Nervous system) factors

RESPIRTORY CENTERis the Medulla Oblongata
in the brain.

PHRENIC NERVEStimulates the diaphragm
and the intercostal muscles
to control breathing
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Control of breathing
Chemical factors
How do the levels of oxygen & carbon
dioxide in the blood trigger the
respiratory center?
*Increased carbon dioxide and decreased oxygen
levels in the blood sends a message to the medulla
oblongata to initiate respirations.
INSPIRATION & EXPIRATION VIDEO
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Respiratory Movements
Compare respiratory movements.
Why do they occur?
Coughing
(Clears lower airway)
Hiccups
(Irritation of the diaphragm)

Sneezing
(Clears upper airway)
Yawning
(Signals need for oxygen)
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
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Types of breathing
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Apnea
Dyspnea
Eupnea
Hyperpnea
Orthopnea
Tachypnea
Hyperventilation
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Types of breathing
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*Apnea-no breathing
*Dyspnea-difficult, labored or painful breathing
*Eupnea-normal breathing 14-20 resp.
Orthopnea-difficulty breathing when lying down
*Tachypnea-fast breathing >20 resp.
Hyperventilation-caused by disease or stress;
rapid breathing and the body loses carbon dioxide
too fast.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Lung capacity and volume

Tidal volume-the amount
of air that moves in and out
of lungs with each breath.
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Inspiratory reserve volume
(IRV)-amount of air forced
to take in.
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Expiratory reserve volume
(ERV)-amount of air forced
to exhale.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Lung capacity and volume
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Vital lung capacity-total
amount of air involved.
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Residual volume-amount of
air that can’t be expelled from
the lungs
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
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Respiratory disorders
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Asthma
What is asthma?
Who most likely has it?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Respiratory disorders
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*Asthma-disease that occurs when the airway
becomes obstructed due to inflammation
(allergy or stress)
*Symptoms: wheezing, coughing, dyspnea,
tightness in the chest…these symptoms cause
the patient to feel anxious
Who most likely has it?
People with allergies
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Respiratory disorders
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Bronchitis
What is bronchitis?
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Acute
Chronic
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Respiratory disorders
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Bronchitis-inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the trachea and the
bronchial tubes and produces excessive
mucus.
Acute-may be caused by inflammation,
inhalation or irritating vapors
Chronic-usually occurs in older people
due to smoking.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Respiratory disorders
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*Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
(COPD)-lung disease such as chronic bronchitis,
emphysema, and asthmatic bronchitis; causes
obstruction of air flow.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Respiratory disorders
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*COMMON COLD-highly
contagious virus of the
respiratory system.
SYMPTOMS: runny nose, watery
eyes, sneezing, stuffy head,
sore throat.
Treatment: rest, warm
liquids, treat the symptoms

Hand-washing – best
preventative measure
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Respiratory disorders
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Emphysema
What is emphysema?
Who is most likely to
have it?
How is it treated?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
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Respiratory disorders
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*Emphysema-ALVEOLI of the lungs are
overdilated, LOSE THEIR ELASTICITY; they may
rupture and air becomes trapped in the alveoli
MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO EXHALE; dyspnea
worsens as the disease progresses.
Who is most likely to have it?
Smokers!
How is it treated? Alleviate the symptoms; decrease
exposure to irritants, stop smoking, prevent infections.
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of the respiratory system
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Respiratory disorders
Influenza
Discuss the symptoms of
influenza.

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Respiratory disorders
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*Influenza-the “flu”; a viral infection
with inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the respiratory system.
*Symptoms: fever, mucus discharge, joint
pain/muscular pain, exhaustion.
Treatment: treat the symptoms
Yes! Recommended for infants
over 6 months, elderly, pregnant,
any one at high risk.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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Respiratory disorders
*Pneumonia-lung
infection where the
alveoli fill with fluid;
bacterial or viral;
*Symptoms-chest pain,
fever, chills, dyspnea.
Treatment-Oxygen;
if bacterial, antibiotics will be
given.
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Respiratory disorders
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*Pneumothorax-collapsed lung; air collects in
space around the lung; breathing is not
possible in the collapsed lung.
*Usually caused by an injury
(stabbing, gunshot, broken ribs)
or illness (asthma, pneumonia).
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Respiratory disorders
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*SYMPTOMS of Pneumothorax
*Chest does not rise/fall on injured side
Dyspnea
Sudden chest pain
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Respiratory disorders
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*Sinusitis-Inflammation of the sinuses
*Symptoms: pain/pressure over the eyes,
headache, runny nose
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Respiratory disorders
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Tuberculosis
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of the respiratory system
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Respiratory disorders
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*Tuberculosis-infectious, contagious disease
of the lungs, caused by the tubercle bacillus,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
*Symptoms: cough,blood-tinged sputum,
fever in the afternoons, weight loss, night
sweats.
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Relevance of nutrients to
the respiratory system
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The respiratory
system plays a vital
role in homeostasis

Discuss the relevance
to your health.

What is the relevance
to the body’s use of
nutrients?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
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2.06 Understand the functions and
disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions





What are the functions of the respiratory system?
What are some disorders of the respiratory system?
How are disorders of the respiratory system treated?
What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
respiratory system?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system
33