Download Respiratory System

Respiratory System
Functions of the Respiratory System
 involved in the exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide gases between the blood
and the external environment
Breathing and Respiration
 Breathing: the movement of the chest that brings
air into the lungs and removes waste gases
 Respiration: involves the oxygen delivered to
cells that is used to release energy from glucose.
Organs of the Respiratory System
1. Nostrils
2. Nasal Passages- intake air
 Warm air
 Moistens and humidifies air
 Filters air
3. Pharynx:
 Back of the throat
Organs of the Respiratory System
4. Epiglottis
 piece of cartilage that covers opening to trachea
during swallowing
5. Larynx
 contains 2 elastic folds of tissue: vocal cords
 muscles pull vocal cords together
 air moving between them causes vocal cords to
vibrate and produce sounds
Organs of the Respiratory System
6. Trachea
 windpipe;
 lined with rings of cartilage, mucus
 divides into two bronchi
Organs of the Respiratory System
7. Bronchi
 each bronchus leads to a lung
 lined with cartilage, mucus
Organs of the Respiratory System
8. Bronchioles
 smaller passageways that branch out of the
bronchi
Organs of the Respiratory System
9. Alveoli (Lungs)
 extremely thin air sacs, moist
 350 million in each lung; provides an
enormous surface area for gas exchange
Organs of the Respiratory System
10. Diaphragm
 large, flat muscle at the bottom of the lung
cavity
 contracts and moves down during inhalation
 relaxes and moves up during exhalation
Breathing
Lungs expand due to pressure changes caused by
movement of diaphragm and rib muscles
Breathing
During inhalation, chest cavity becomes
larger, and air pressure in lung decreases so
air rushes in
Breathing
During exhalation, chest cavity gets smaller,
pressure in lung cavity increases so air is
forced out of the lungs
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Emphysema
 the air sacs and small
airways of the lungs have
become damaged
 Alveoli rupture and are
replaced by scar tissue
 More common in
smokers than nonsmokers
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Asthma
 Allergic reaction causes
swelling of the bronchi
and bronchioles
 Flow of air is restricted
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Pneumonia
 Infection of the
bronchioles and alveoli
 Alveoli become filled
with fluid
 Gas exchange is limited
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Lung Cancer
 Tumors begin to grow in
the lungs
 More common in
smokers than in nonsmokers
Disorders of the Respiratory System
 Cystic Fibrosis
 An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs
 Can’t be cured
 Causes a thick buildup of mucus in the lungs
 Limits the ability to breathe
Disorders Related to Smoking
 Tar coats your lungs like
soot in a chimney and
causes cancer
 Carbon monoxide robs
your muscles, brain and
body tissue of oxygen
 Solid deposits interfere
with action of cilia