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CLASSICAL GREECE
Greece Geography
• Water, water
everywhere
• Islands
• Hilly terrain on land
• What results?
Mount Olympus
This mountain was thought by
many Greeks to be a hangout for
Zeus and other major Greek gods.
Classical Greek mythology about
the twelve major gods (called
Olympians) spread throughout the
Hellenistic world.
Greece Economy
• Agriculture: up to 80% of population
• Importing
• Local, import or export?
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Wheat
Olive Oil
Grapes
Sheep/Goats
Timber
Pottery
Marble
Precious Metals
Literature/Philosophy
Greece Trade
• Traded around Mediterrenean (sea routes)
• Needed many imports to function as advanced
civilization
• Advanced culture and technology
led to valuable exports
Plato & Aristotle
Bill & Ted
Greece Story 1

Minoans
 “minotaur,” anyone?
 Located on Crete
 Collapsed, 1450 BCE

Mycenaens, 16001100BCE
 Indo-Europeans
 Warriors
 Troy!
Greece Story 2

Greek Dark Age, 1100-750BCE
 Wandering
 Adopted Phoenician alphabet
Greece Story 3

Citystates
develop,
750 BCE
 Athens
wasn’t the
only one,
just one
of the
biggest
 Started
colonizing
Greece Story 4

Sparta
 Preferred conquest to
colonization/trade/whatever else
 Militarized society
 Didn’t always get along with
Athens
Greece Story 5

Athens
 Began to develop council to make decisions:
more on that later
Greece Story 6

490-479 BCE: Persian threat  Greeks unite!
 Darius
 Xerxes
 Sea battles, 300 story
Greece Story 7
Athens unites territory
 Pericles, age of

 Direct Democracy
Greece Story 8
Athens and
Sparta fight:
Peloponnesian
War, 431 BCE
 Result:
everybody
loses

Aww…
Aww…
Greece Story 9

Macedonians come into the picture
 Philip II, big fan
of the Greeks
 So, he conquers
Greece
Greece Story 10

Alexander the
Great
 Taught by Aristotle
 Crazy good general
Greece Story 11

Alexander’s conquests
Greece Story 12

Effect of Alexander
 Hellenistic culture
spreads all over the
place
 New Hellenistic
kingdoms
Greece Citizens

Athens
 Citizens: men, probably wealthier men
 Women
 Slaves

Sparta
 Men: warriors
 Women
 Slaves
Greece War
Ships – biremes
 Phalanx

Greek Religion
 Polytheistic
 Accessible gods
 Anthropormorphic gods
 Drunkenness
 Sex
 Drama
 Hierarchy
 Gods make lots of mistakes
Greek culture
 Athens
 Rich men: highly educated
 Citizens had public discourse (more on Government/SS)
 Sparta
 Militarized society
More Greek Culture
 Architecture
(Nashville, TN)
(Athens)
More Greek Culture
 Literature
 Illiad, Odyssey
 Why do kids read these
in English classes?
 Philosophy
 Plato, Aristotle,
Socrates
More Greek culture
 Olympics
 (male) Olympics
 (naked) (male) Olympics
Greek Patriarchy
 Athens



No political rights for women
Women valued for bearing sons
Relationships between older and younger men
 Phocylides of Miletus, Satire on Women, c. 440 BCE

The tribe of women is of these four kinds---that of a dog, that of a
bee, that of a burly sow, and that of a long-maned mare. This last is
manageable, quick, fond of gadding about, fine of figure; the sow
kind is neither good nor bad; that of the dog is difficult and snarling;
but the bee-like woman is a good housekeeper, and knows how to
work. This desirable marriage, pray to obtain, dear friend.
 Hipponax, On Women, c. 580 BCE

Two happy days a woman brings a man: the first, when he marries
her; the second, when he bears her to the grave.
Greek Patriarchy
 Sparta vs. Athens: right from our fantastic book (p. 119)
 Spartan males were known for their toughness and their meanness. They were
also known as the best soldiers in all of Greece.
 Spartan girls received an education similar to that of the boys. Girls, too,
underwent physical training, including running, wrestling, and throwing the
javelin. The purpose was clear: to strengthen the girls for their roles as healthy
mothers.
 Well-to-do Athenian citizens raised their children very differently. Athenian
children were nurtured by their mothers until the age of seven ... The purpose of
an education for upperclass Athenian boys was to create a well rounded person.
To that end, a boy had three teachers. One taught him reading, writing, and
arithmetic. Another taught physical education, a necessity to achieve the ideal of
a sound mind in a sound body. A third taught him music, which consisted of
playing the lyre (a stringed instrument) and singing. Education ended at 18,
when an Athenian male formally became a citizen.
 Girls of all classes remained at home, as their mothers did. Their mothers taught
them how to run a home, which included how to spin and weave—activities
expected of a good wife. Only in some wealthy families did girls learn to read,
write, and perhaps play the lyre.
Greek Technology
 Math!
 Pythagoras
 Euclid
 Medicine
 Hippocrates