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Tenses
 Tense is derived from latin word ‘tempus’ meaning
time
 Tenses - 3 types
 Present tense
 Past tense
 Future tense
Forms of verbs
 Regular verbs
 To change them to past tense…. Add t, d or ed
 eg. Talk, live, deal
 Talked, lived, dealt
 Irregular verbs
 They don’t have any rules for changing original to past
tense eg. Arise-arose, be – was/were, blow-blew, dig-dug
etc.
Five forms to verbs
Present
Past
participle
Present
participle
Infinitive
Dealt
Deal
Bore
Bear
Become Became
Dealt
Dealing
To deal
Borne
Bearing
To bear
Become
Choose Chose
Chosen
Draw
Awake
Past
Drew
Drawn
Becomin To
g
become
Choosing To
choose
Drawing To draw
Awoke
Awaken
Awaking To awake
Present tense
 Present indefinite
 Present continuous
 Present perfect
 Present perfect continuous
 Eg
he plays



He is playing
He has played
He has been playing for 3 hours
Singular/plural
I person
I /We
Singular
Number
II person
You
Plural Number
III person
Singular
Number
He, she, it, name
Plural Number
I
We
It
IT
You
You
Brother
Brothers
She, He
They
Applicant
Applicants
Use of Present indefinite in various
situations
 Eternal truth
 The sun rises in the east.
 Birds fly.
 Everyday/routine work
 I get up early in the morning
 My mother goes to temple everyday.
 Direct Narration when reporting verb is in simple
present tense then there will not be any change
 Ram tells that Shyam was playing cricket.
 He says that it will rain tomorrow.
 With verbs eg. See, hear, think, have, look, appear,
seem, belong etc.
 I hear, they are going to USA next year.
 I see her enjoying the picnic.
 Sentences starting with ‘Here’ or ‘There’ exclamatory
sentences
 There she lives!
 Here comes the train!
 Newspaper headlines
 Thief escapes, cricket match draws.
 Planned Future action
 Our college opens in the month of march
 With words like always, never, occasionally, often,
usually etc
 She always speaks the truth
 With words whenever, when
whenever it rains, the roof leaks
when you open the window, a light comes.
Excercise
Present
Kick
Lie
Send
Swim
Tread
Undergo
Sow
Ring
Shake
Swear
Past
Past
participle
Present
participle
Infinitive