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Grammar
Miss Johnson
S
Idioms
S Idiom: a group of words established by usage as having a
meaning not deducible from those of the individual words
Phrasal Verbs
S Phrasal Verb: an idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and
another element, typically either an adverb, a preposition, or
a combination of both; a two to three word phrase
functioning as the verb
S Adverb- break down
S Preposition- see to
S Adverb and preposition- Lock down on
Phrasal Verb
S Verb: The cat turned.
S Verb Phrase: The cat has been turning the pages of the
book.
S Phrasal Verb: The cat turned in late. (idiom for “went to
bed”)
3 tests for phrasal verb
S Ask: “Does the meaning of the phrase change substantially
compared to the meaning of the separate words?”
S The verb and particle can usually be separated by a direct
object with no change in meaning.
S Phrasal verbs often have single-word equivalents
Phrasal Verbs
S We diagram a phrasal verb the
same way we diagram a verb
phrase – it all goes on the same
line.
S He dressed up for the concert.
Phrasal Verbs
S I work out in the morning.
Special Structures
S Adverbial Objective
S Noun that functions as a verb
S Double Modifiers
S Modifier that modifies another modifier
Adverbial Objectives
S Adverbial Objective: noun and pronoun that function as
adverbs
S Indirect objects are adverbial objectives; they tell to whom or
for whom something is given, said, or shown, and they modify
verbs
S To test:
S usually we can insert a preposition and the sentence will make
sense (its like having an imaginary prepositional phrase that
functions as an adverb or time or place)
Adverbial Objectives
S Abelard never came home Friday.
Adverbial Objectives
S You arrived ten minutes late for you lesson.
Adverbial Objectives
S It costs three dollars a gallon.
Double Modifiers
S Double Modifier: a compound of two or more modifying words that
function as either an adjective or an adverb
S
S
Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
S Hyphens sometimes link multiple modifiers together
S Ex: the forty-year-old-man
S Credit-card statement
S Over-the-counter medicine
S Long-distance phone call
S Other qualifiers or possessive modifiers that proceed a modifier
S Somewhat slow
S Rather quickly
S Extremely thin
S Very smoothly
Double Modifiers
S
The long-distance phone call was a fortune.