Download Chapter 21 Study Guide B with answers

Molecular Biology Study Guide
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1. Write the formula for
Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
2. What process produces energy inside a cell Mitochondria
3. What benefit would a farmer have if he is losing his crop to disease and then he plants a GMO that is disease
resistant? A plant that is resistant to the disease and should produce a larger yield for his crop
4. What is the disadvantage if he plants his entire crop as the GMO disease resistant? Reduced genetic diversity
5. What is the best prevention against all disease? Vaccinations provide best protection long term for the body
and washing hands often with soap and water is the best low cost prevention
6. Define pandemic and explain who is most likely to spread a pandemic. Pandemic disease is a disease that has
spread to two or more continents and infects many people; often is pathogenic causing death of the infected.
People like world traveling business person or a world traveling airline attendant
7. Define epidemic and explain who is most likely to spread an epidemic. Epidemic disease is a disease that is
confined to a local area (town, state, or continent). Usually less pathogenic than a pandemic disease. Local
teachers or local doctor are people associated with epidemic.
8. Which type of organism is not composed of cells a virus is not composed of cells because it is nonliving
9. H1N1 is commonly known as Swine flu
10. What are the three shapes of bacteria Bacilli- rod shaped, Cocci- spherical shape, Spirilla- cork screw shaped
11. Define prokaryote and give an example. Single cell organism that does not have a nucleus Bacteria
12. What is the name of the organism that viruses invade and use their cells? a Host
13. What treats AIDS antivirals since it is a virus
14. Define vector and list three examples of a vector A vector transmits a disease from a host to another
organism; animal to person
15. How can smokers reduce the risk of getting cancer stop using tobacco no any form
16. What is a negative outcome if a weed resistant food product would spread to an area it is unwanted If spread
to areas where it is not wanted it may be difficult to remove it. Hard to kill it with herbicides
17. List the cell organization in order from simplest to most complex Cell→ tissue→ organ→ organ system
18. What is the smallest living organism bacteria are the smallest living organism, a single cell prokaryote
19. What treats diabetes Insulin is the medicine that has insulin producing genes placed into bacteria to make it
20. Define bioremediation and give an example Bioremediation is using microorganisms to make a hazardous
waste material not harmful. Oil spill cleaned up with oil eating bacteria,
21. List three things cells need energy for make more molecules, grow, reproduce
22. Explain why viruses are like parasites they both need a host cell
23. What is the main reason viruses are non-living they must have a host cell to reproduce
24. List 5 advantages to using GMO’S resistance to weather, resistance to pest and insects, increased crop yields,
manufacture of medicines, DNA fingerprinting, less land used for agriculture, bioremediation efforts, cloning
25. What is the one thing that will help both respiration and digestion the most? eating a balanced diet. Fiber
helps digestion, carbohydrates produce energy, and protein build muscles and nucleic acids
26. List the products of photosynthesis glucose and oxygen
27. List the products of cellular respiration carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
28. If a disease affects millions of people on different continents it is an pandemic disease
29. 29. Define biotechnology Biotechnology is the manipulation of living organisms and organic material to
serve human needs. Inserting foreign DNA into an organism to make better traits.
30. Which three organelles are found only in plant cells cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole
31. What is the function of the mitochondria energy production for the cell through cellular respiration
32. List the three parts of the cell theory All organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of
life, all cells came from previously existing cells
33. If a mosquito is spreading a disease then it is a vector
34. Define semi-permeable and give an example of an organelle that has this function semipermeable allows only
certain things to enter or leave the membrane. Cell membrane
35. What is DNA fingerprinting used for crime scene investigations using DNA to find the criminal
36. List the three benefits of being multicellular specialization, longer life, larger size
37. List the organelles both plant and animal cells have in common cell membrane, mitochondria, golgi body,
endoplasmic reticulum, DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, vacuole
38. Explain Meiosis include what is produced Meiosis is the replication of sex cells it creates 4 different daughter
cells. Mitosis is the replication of somatic cells and it produces 2 identical daughter cells
39. Name the four nitrogen bases of DNA Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
40. In which organelle does photosynthesis take place chloroplasts
41. If you use alcohol long term explain what can be affected Long term use of excessive alcohol will damage the
liver and kidneys. If abused it can also cause driving accidents and personal judgement
42. What does a forensic investigator do solves crimes by using DNA fingerprinting and blood splatter analysis
43. List 4 diseases caused by a virus Common cold, Influenza, AIDS, Ebola, Chicken Pox, Zika, Polio, Small Pox
44. List three diseases caused by a bacteria Lyme’s, Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever, strep throat, bubonic plague,
tuberculosis
45. Why do we not treat a virus with an antibiotic antibiotics kill bacteria. Viruses are not alive and do not
respond to antibiotics. Viruses require antivirals or vaccinations.
46. Define infectious disease A disease that can be passed from one living thing to another living thing. They are
caused by pathogens.
47. How are colds spread by direct or indirect contact with an infected person or object
48. What two disease are caused by the a tick (vector) Lyme’s disease and Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever
49. What are two infections caused by fungus athletes foot and ring worm
50. Define carcinogens a carcinogen is a cancer causing substance
51. Define lichens A lichen is a combination of algae and fungi in a mutualistic relationship. They are a good
example of a bio indicator because they need only air, light, and minerals to grow. Good air quality indicator
52. What is Malaria and what causes it? Malaria is a disease of the blood that is transmitted by the Anopheles
mosquito. The protist is called Plasmoduim Vivax