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The Sun as the prime example of stellar structure and evolution The Sun Close-up of a G2 Main Sequence Star Stellar Interior The Solar Interior…the prime application of the equations of stellar structure Density in the solar interior Temperature in the Solar Interior The “Faint Young Sun Paradox” The Neutrino Sun Solar Neutrino Experiments Helioseismology: Eigenmodes of the Sun The Solar Atmosphere Layers of the Solar Atmosphere • Photosphere • Chromosphere • Corona Granules in the Solar Atmosphere The Chromosphere-region of partially ionized hydrogen The Solar Corona What is it? How did it get that way? Corona shines at level of one millionth the photosphere. It is Thompson scattered sunlight To understand astronomical objects, astronomers take spectra The spectrum of the corona reveals its most interesting characteristic The dominant ionization state depends on the temperature…example N The X-Ray Sun The Temperature Profile in the Solar Atmosphere The key to understanding the corona is the solar magnetic field Above the corona: direct magnetometer measurements in the solar wind The Flowing Medium of the Solar Wind