Download Islam - APAN Community

ISLAM
“SUBMISSION TO GOD”
 Action: Identify how key features of Islam and its
followers affect military operations.
 Conditions: Given a small group learning
environment, concrete experiences, discussion,
lectures, student handout
 Standard: Identify how key features of Islam and its
followers affect military operations by participating
in all class activities and discussions.
 Safety Requirements: None
 Risk Assessment: Low
 Environmental Considerations: None
 Evaluations: Class participation
 What we know and what we want to know
 doctrine v. culture v. myth
 Answers about Islam
 values, beliefs, behaviors, norms, worldview and
perspectives
 The West and Islam
 the compatibility of values and beliefs and effects on
interactions
List three things you know
about Islam.
List three things you need or
want to know about Islam.
 Use your list to categorize your items using the
Values, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Norms (VBBN)
model.
 In groups, discuss your selections and determine the
three from each list that you are going to publish to
the rest of the class. Prepare to explain why your
choices are the most important to consider.
Behaviors, Norms
Observable
Unobservable
Values, Beliefs
 Tawhid Ideology – Oneness
of God
 Certitude - Reliance on God
 Ummah – Islamic
Community, Unity
 Family, local community, tribe,
etc.
 Communal Etiquette
 Life and Afterlife
 Justice
 Compassion
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 Forgiveness
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 Moderation
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Modesty
Steadfastness
Prosperity
Cooperation
Hard Work
Self Defense
Responsibility
Courage
Sincerity
Knowledge and Wisdom
Humility
• Qur’an – the word of
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God
Allah – one God
Prophet Mohammad –
seal of the prophets
Abrahamic Origins
Revelation
No Original Sin, all
born Muslim
Fate
Accountability for
Deeds
• Judgment Day
• Prophet Jesus –
Messiah
• The Books
• Other Prophets
• Angels and Djinn
• Sunni and Shi’a
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 Sunna – Prophet Mohammad’s actions and words as the model of
behavior
 5 Pillars:
Shahadah - Testimony
Salat - Prayer
Zakat - Charity
Sawm - Fasting
Hajj – Pilgrimage
 Ijtihad (Reasoning)
 Shari’ah (Islamic jurisprudence)
 Jihad (Inner and outer struggle)
 Haram (Forbidden)
 Islamic everyday phrases, greetings (including gender-based norms)
 Islamic group rituals, holidays (Eid, Ashoura, etc.)
 Mecca (6th Century)
 social, economic, religious center
 various religious beliefs & polytheism
 Abraham’s monotheistic message lost
 360 different idols and gods in the
Ka’aba
 1st Revelation in 610 CE
 cave meditation and prayer
 Angel Gabriel says “Iqraa” (recite)
 continues for 23 years
Mt. Hira Cave
 Born 570 CE In Mecca (present day Saudi Arabia)
 orphaned by the age of six
 descendent of Ishmael
 trusted businessman and trader
 Marries Khadija
 very successful caravan merchant
 two sons (both died in infancy) and four daughters
 first convert to Islam, regarded as the "Mother of the Believers"
 Receives revelation from God through Angel Gabriel
 Muhammad makes final pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca
 preaches sermon at Mount Arafat
 attempts to unify Arabs and end blood-feuds
 Muhammad dies in 632 CE
 God sees, knows and controls all
 No separation between sacred and profane
 Human equality - men and women equal
 Social justice
 Compassion for the needy
 Strong family is necessary for social order
 Community solidarity
 Islam, Christianity, and Judaism
 All believe in the same God of Abraham
 Abraham
 Jews and Christian descendants of “Isaac”
 Sarah (Wife of Abraham)
 Jews
 Christians
 Muslims descendants of “Ishmael”
 Hagar (Sarah’s Egyptian Handmaid)
 Arabs
 Muslims
 One God - Oneness of Allah
 Qur’an Holy Book – Means “Recitation”, It is the
infallible word of God
 Five Pillars: Testimony of faith (Shahada), Prayer
(Salat), Charity (Zakat), Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj),
Fasting during month of Ramadan (Sawm)
 Other Beliefs: Faith (Iman), Oneness of God
(Tawhid), Prophets and Messengers, Angels, Judgment
Day, the Books (Qur’an, Bible, Torah), Fate and
Predestination
 Abrahamic Religion - Shares roots with Judaism and
Christianity
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Iman (Faith)
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One God (Tawhid)
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Prophets & Messengers
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The Books
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Qur’an, Bible, Torah,
Hadiths – Teachings of Muhammad
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Sunnah – Actions, Sayings, and
way of life Muhammad
Judgment Day
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Similar to Christianity
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Angels & Djinn
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Fate & Predestination
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Fatalism
“God Willing” (Insha’ Allah)
Eating pork
Adultery
Homosexuality
Female marriage
to non-Muslim
 Charging interest
 Gambling
 Drinking alcohol
 Abortion
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 Islam recognizes 124,000
messengers & prophets
 Five main Prophets
 Abraham (Covenant)
 Moses (Torah- Books of
Moses, Old Testament)
 David (Psalms)
 Jesus (Gospel, New
Testament)
 Muhammad (Qur’an)
 Only a Prophet, Not the Son
of God
 He is not dead was not
crucified, but will return
 Jesus in the Qur’an
 Immaculate Conception,
Did many Miracles
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God’s infallible word
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114 chapters arranged by length
- Longest to shortest
- 4/5 the size of gospels
- Early written Qur’an difficult
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Treated with respect
•
Honorable to memorize
- Recitation is a highly regarded art form
- Recitation competitions are major events
 “Islam is the second
largest religion in the
world”
- would be written as  “slm s th scnd lrgst rlgn
n th wrld”.
• Sharia Law is the body of Islamic law.
Term means “Way” or “Path”
• Legal framework within which the public and
some private aspects of life are regulated for
those living in a legal system based on Islam.
• Derived from the religious precepts of Islam,
particularly the Koran and the Hadith.
• Shahada:
Profession of Faith
• Salat:
Prayer
• Sawm:
Fasting
• Zakat:
Charity
• Hajj:
Pilgrimage
“I bear witness that there is
no God but God and
Muhammad is His Prophet.”
 Converting to Islam
 Profess Shahada in front of two
Muslim witnesses
 Whispered into right ear of
newborns
 Last words of the dying
 Incorporated into prayers
 Adorns the Flags of many Islamic
Countries
 Five times a day
 in Arabic
 cleanse first
 prayer rug (Sajada)
 The call to prayer
 Friday prayer- Juma’
Praying at Al Azhar Mosque
 Fasting during the daylight
hours of the Islamic month of
Ramadan
 no food, drink, sex, smoking
 Exemptions for the sick and
elderly; pregnant women
 Do not eat or drink in front of
fasting Muslims (bad manners)
 Spiritual purification
 Empathy for the poor
 First three days after end
of Ramadan
 Joyous occasion
 Exchange of gifts
 Zakat al-Fitr
 Special holiday attire
 Special prayers
 Means “Purification” or “Growth”
 Help the poor and needy
 2.5% of remaining income, varies
 Last month of the Islamic calendar (Dhu al-Hijjah)
 Over 2 million each year for 5 day event in Mecca
 Honorific title “Hajji” or “Hajja” after completion
 “Sea of White” (garments)
 Non-Muslims prohibited
Haram mosque (Grand mosque)
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Ka’aba
 Three days at the end of Hajj–
 Commemoration of Abraham’s
willingness to sacrifice his son
 Animal slaughtered and meat
distributed among family, friends,
and the poor
 Significance: Show commitment,
obedience and self sacrifice to God
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“The greatest Jihad is to
battle your own soul, to fight
th
Not the “6 Pillar” the evil within yourself.”
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Still a Muslim duty
Jihad - Struggle
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Greater Jihad
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– Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH)
Struggle with ones own internal conscience
Lesser Jihad – Both violent and von-violent
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Defense of home, country, and family against
ones enemies - Often misinterpreted and
misused to justify terrorism and violence by
extremists.
 Islamic fundamentalists favor "a literal and originalist
interpretation" of Islam.
 Seek to eliminate (what they perceive to be) "corrupting" nonIslamic influences from every part of their lives. Sometimes
this means “Western” values.
 Puritanical revivalist movements, often a reaction to
colonialism or corrupt dictatorships.
 Many times used as a cover for Political motives.
- Some movements violent, many are not Movement Example: Sunni Wahhabi Movement “Wahhabism”,
named after an eighteenth-century preacher and scholar,
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792).
• Sunni means "welltrodden path" or
"tradition"
• 85% of all Muslims
• Most Muslim
Countries
• Ruler of Islam must be
tribe of the Prophet
(Quraysh); later, any
qualified ruler
• Infallible Imams
• ijma' (consensus) of
the Muslim community
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Origins: circa 632 CE; theology
developed especially in 10th cent.
True Successor: Abu Bakr,
father of the Prophet's favoured
wife, 'A'ishah (elected by people
of Medina)
• Origins: circa 632-650 CE;
killing of Ali's son Husayn in
680 CE
• True Successor: 'Ali ibn Abi
Talib, husband of the
Prophet's daughter Fatimah
(designated by the Prophet)
• Shi’a means “Party”
or “Partisans” of Ali
• 10% of all Muslims
• 120 million
• Primarily in Iran,
Iraq, and Yemen
• Ruler of Islam must
be a descendant of
the prophet
• Infallible Imams
• Worldwide population
• 1.6 billion Muslims (2010 estimate)
• 2nd largest religion
• 1 in 4 is Muslim (approx. 25%)
• Indonesia has the largest Muslim population (234 million)
• United States population
• estimates vary widely
• 3.3 million (Pew Research Center 2013)
• Muslim leaders estimate 6 to 8 million
• Majority of today’s Muslims are not Arab
• Revival of cultural identity and political independence