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Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NUTRITION:THE CIRCULATORYAND EXCRETORYSYSTEMS Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems • • • • • • • • • • Theinternalenvironment Bloodcomposi3on Bloodvessels Heart Heartbeat Bloodcircula3on Lympha3csystem Excretorysystem Nephron Healthyhabitsofthecirculatory andexcretorysystems ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 2 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems THEINTERNALENVIRONMENT ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 3 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems All cells need to live in a environment that provides them with all the nutrients they need. In addi3on, the same environment allows c e l l s t o r e l e a s e w a s t e substances resul3ng from theirmetabolism. Bloodprovidescells withthenutrientsthey need. Capillary IntersKKal plasma Bloodremoves wasteproducts producedduring cellmetabolism. The internal environment is formedbyintersKKalplasma. Tissuecellsexchange substanceswiththe inters33alplasma. ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 4 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems BLOODCOMPOSITION ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 5 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems water mineralsalts albumin proteins globulin fibrinogen lipids glucose urea wasteproducts uricacid Plasma erythrocyte Cells leucocytes thrombocytes ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. lymphocytes eosinophils monocytes basophils granulocytes neutrophils 6 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems BLOODVESSELS ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 7 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems Bloodflowsthroughthecirculatorysystem,whichisconstructedbysomechannelscalledblood vessels,andbyadriverorgan,theheart. Arteriole Direc3on flow Venule Direc3on flow Artery Vein Elas3cfibresand smoothmuscle Capillary Fibraselás3casy musculaturalisa Valve Connec3ve 3ssue Endothelium(a layerofcells) Connec3ve 3ssue • Arteries:thesecarrybloodfromthehearttootherorgans.Theyhavewidemuscularwallsandare elas3c. • Veins:thesecarrybloodfrom3ssuestotheheart.Theyhavethinnerwallsthanarteries.Inaddi3on, theyhavevalvesthatstopbloodfromgoingbackwards. • Capillaries:thesearemicroscopicbloodvesselslocatedinalltheorganism's3ssues.Capillariesare formedbywallsthatonlyhaveonelayerofcells. ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 8 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems HEART ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 9 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems Theheartisahollowmuscularorgan.Itis divided into two parts, the leO and right, whicharecompletelyseparate. Each half of the heart is subdivided into twochambers:anuppersmallerchamber named the atrium, and a larger lower chambernamedtheventricle. ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 10 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems HEARTBEATS ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 11 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems Aheartbeatisthemovementthatpumpsblood. Itperformsthreephases: 1. Atrialsystole:theatriums contractandbloodispropelled throughtheopenedatrioventricular valvesintotheventricles. 2.Ventricularsystole:ventriclescontract, thesigmoidvalvesopenandtheblood containedinthemexitsthroughthe pulmonaryarteryandtheaorta. Simultaneously,thevalvesthatconnect withventriclesclose. 3.Diastole:theheartrelaxesandsucksbloodcoming fromthecavaandpulmonaryveinsintotheatriums. Bloodpropelledtowardsthearteriesduringthe ventricularsystoledoesn'treturntotheventricles thankstotheac3onofthesigmoidalvalves,which closeupandpreventthisfromhappening. ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 12 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems BLOODCIRCULATION ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 13 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems Our cardiovascular system is a double system and goes through two separate circuits: systemic and pulmonary. headand blood superiorvena cava aorta Systemic circuit: blood starts in the leO ventricle and goes through the aorta, which branches into arterioles, and then into capillaries, reaching all the 3ssues and organs except the lungs. Pulmonary circuit: it begins in the right ventricle from which the pulmonary artery starts (this artery branches into two, with each branch connec3ngwithalung). lungs pulmonaryartery pulmonaryvein liver hepaKcvein hepaKcportalvein hepaKcartery inferiorvena cava Stomachand intesKne mesenteric artery kidneys,genitals andlegs ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 14 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems LYMPHATICSYSTEM ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 15 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems Lymph:atransparentliquidcomposedoflymphocytesandinters33alplasma.Inters33al plasmaisformedwhenbloodplasmaisfilteredasittravelstothe3ssues.Fromthere,it's collectedbylymphaKccapillaries. vein Bloodprovides nutrientsandremoves wasteproductsfrom Capilar theorganism’scells. LymphaKcvessels: lympha3c capillariesare closedononeend andarefoundin 3ssuesjoininginto increasinglybigger conduitsknownas lymphveins. Someoftheinters33al plasmagoestothe lympha3cvessels. cell artery ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. lymphvessel 16 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems EXCRETORYSYSTEM ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 17 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems suprarrenalcapsule renal vein renalartery The excretory system is the group of leOkidney organs that facilitate the elimina3on of waste products produced by cells aOercellmetabolism. right kidney inferior venacava aortaartery The urinary system plays an important role in the excretory system,formedbythekidneysand theurinarytracts. ureter bladder urethra ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 18 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems NEPHRON ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 19 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems Bowman’s capsule Nephrons are the structural and func3onalunitsofthekidneys.They are tubes with one closed end and aresurroundedbybloodcapillaries. distal convoluted tube They are responsible for filtering bloodandformingurine,aswellas regula3ng water and mineral contentintheblood.Eachkidneyis collector formedbyoveramillionnephrons. tube totherenalpelvis ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. proximal convoluted tube glomerulus arteriole venule capillary network (reabsorp3on area) loopofHenle 20 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems HEALTHYHABITSINTHE CIRCULATORYANDEXCRETORY SYSTEMS ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 21 Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems In order to ensure that our circulatory and excretory systems func3on adequately,it'sessen3altoincorporatehealthyhabitsintoourlifestyle. Abalanceddiet, adequatehygieneand exercisingregularly,as wellasavoidingstress, arekeystomaintaining bothsystemshealthy. ©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 22