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VERB
WHAT IS VERB?
• Expresses the action taken by the subject
of the sentence
– The taxi is going to Kuantan
– Kamal often asks questions.
• Some verb describe situation:
– Ravindran likes video games
– We know that drugs are dangerous.
• Divided into 2 main clauses; lexical verbs
& auxiliary verbs
1. Most verbs
describe
actions
2. Some
describe
situations
LEXICAL VERBS
• Action verbs
– Represent both physical and mental activities (eat, run, hit,
hate, think, jump)
• Action vs State
– Action: is something happening (buy, eat, run, etc)
– State: something that stays the same – having an opinion
and thinking (include, contain, need, understand, etc)
– Jane went to bed. / Jane was tired
– I’m buying a new briefcase. / I need a new briefcase.
Action verbs can be written in
several forms
eat
ate
to eat
will have eaten
eats
was eating
may eat
must have eaten
am eating were eating should eat
is eating
has eaten
can eat
should have
eaten
had been eating
are eating
have eaten
must eat
had eaten
shall eat
will eat
LEXICAL VERBS
• Linking verbs
– Introduces fact about a person/thing
– Used to link the subject with the complement
(adj / noun)
– A linking verb is followed by a complement
rather than an object.
– The walls are green
TRANSITIVE VERB
• A verb that has an object is a transitive
verb
• A transitive verbs (V) requires and object
(O), and the object comes after verb
– Jasmine often buys food for her family.
– The player blamed the shoes for his defeat.
TRANSITIVE VERB
• The obj. tells us who or what the action
happens to
• A transitive verbs must have an object or it
will be incomplete sentence.
– Jasmine often buys food for her family.
TRANSITIVE VERB
• Some transitive verbs can have two objects –
direct object and indirect object (IO usually
comes before the DO)
• Direct object – the thing you give or do for
someone
• Indirect object – person who receives the
thing
• Mum usually reads the children a story at
bedtime.
• Shall I get you a cup of coffee?
INTRANSITIVE VERB
• A verb that has no direct object or
complement
• We went for a long walk.
• Don’t come in – I haven’t dressed yet,
• Does not require an object
– The beautiful actress smiled.
– He laughed.
TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE
VERBS
• Many verbs can be used transitively and
intransitively.
TRANSITIVE
INTRANSITIVE
Which pilot is flying this jet?
We lost the match.
Mum’s dressing the baby.
The eagle is flying in circles
overhead.
We lost 4-5
Dad’s dressing in the bedroom.
AUXILIARY VERBS
• Also called helping verb (to express
continuous and completed action)
• be and have
• do + not to form negative statement
– I do not tell lies
• Verbs use do to perform question
– Does your dad play golf?
AUXILIARY VERBS
• Verb be is used with the –ing form (called
present participle) of an ordinary verb to
express continuous action
– My friend were looking for accommodation.
• Verb have is used with –ed form (called past
participle) to express completed action
– Somebody has moved the remote control.
GRAMMAR HELP
• Notice that the verbs be, have and do can
be lexical verbs as well as auxiliary verbs.
LEXICAL
AUXILIARY
I was late.
Aisya has dark brown eyes and
black hair.
I did Exercise 2.
I was waiting for the bus.
Aisya has completed the task.
I did not finish Exercise 3.
Be verbs
am
is
are
was
were
been
being
Be verbs
• It is the most irregular verb in the English language.
• It is normally a linking verb showing existence of the
condition of the subject.
• It can also be used as an auxiliary verb when
forming the passive voice.
Present Form of Be verbs
• to show the status or characteristics of
something or someone, locate a situation
or event in present time.
• Example :
1) I am a pretty girl.
2) Oh gosh, he is cute.
3) We are UMP students.
Present Form of Be verbs
• Negative statement
- form by adding “not”
• Example:
1) They are not my friends.
2) He is not an orphan.
3) She is not here.
Past Form of Be verbs
• Negative statement
- form by adding “not”
• Example:
1) They were not UMP students.
2) He was not famous in Malaysia.
3) She was not here.
Continuous Forms of Be verbs
• it describes actions that are or were still
continuing - auxiliary verb be [+ ing form
of the main verb].
• For example ( Present Form ) :
1) I am learning English.
2) He is running in the field.
3) She is dancing on the stage.
• For example ( Past Form ) :
1) I was learning English when she called me
.
2) It was raining when we went to school.
3) She was dancing on the stage, the spot
light suddenly went off.
• Negative Form:
1) It was not raining when we went to school.
2) You were not listening to me when I told
you to turn the oven off.
3) Sammy was not waiting for us when we
got off the bus.
Passive Constructions of Be
verbs
• Subject + finite form of to be + Past
Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
• For Example:
Simple Question using Be verbs
• Create simple question by using verbs to
be.
• Example:
1) Is your brother taller than you?
2) Am I bothering you?
3) Were they embarrassed by the
comedian?
Overall
MODAL VERBS
• Also called modal auxiliary verbs
• Shall, will, would, can, could, should, may,
might, must
• Function: is to add to the ordinary lexical
verb a feeling of the action.
MODAL VERBS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I shall contact you tomorrow. (planned)
You will like my cousin. (certain)
Dad may phone. (possible)
Dad must be delayed at the office. (likely)
You may start writing now. (allowed)
You must stop writing now. (compulsory)
You should keep a list of incoming calls. (advisable)
CHARATERISTICS OF MODAL
VERBS
• Combine with the base form of lexical verbs
– Sally may call later.
• Modal verbs do not add –s for the 3rd person
singular
– The baby can walk now.
• Modal verb always keep the same form. However,
some modal verbs use another modal verb as a past
tense.
– Can / could
may / might
– I can swim quite well now, but last year I couldn’t swim at
all.
LIMITATION OF MODAL VERBS
• They cannot combine with auxiliary verb or with
other modals.
– The baby will can walk soon.
• They don’t form to-infinitives.
– I want to can see my children.
• You can ‘bypass’ the limitation by replacing modal
verbs with other verbs or ‘modal combination’.
– The baby will be able to walk soon
– I want to be able to see my children.
CAPABILITIES OF MODAL VERBS
• Can for questions and negative sentences:
– Can you hear the cuckoo?
– You must not take the criticism personally.
• Modal verbs are use a lot in question tag:
– You shouldn’t tell lies, should you?
– You can text me later, can’t you?
• Modal verbs have contracted forms and most have –
ve contractions.
– Can / Cannot / Can’t
Could / Could not / Couldn’t