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C YOU CANNOT BE A GREAT HERO UNLESS YOU DEFEAT A GREAT ENEMY. PREVIEW EXAMINE THE TRUTH OF FOLLOWING STATEMENT IN A SHORT PARAGRAPH. PROVIDE AT LEAST TWO EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER. YOU CANNOT BE A GREAT HERO UNLESS YOU DEFEAT A GREAT ENEMY. WHO IS CARTHAGE? CC Wanted to be perceived as universalists so as not to disrupt their trading relationships. Carthage was founded by the Phoenicians in 814 BC The dominant commercial power in the western Mediterranean based in North Africa A genetically blended people (Phoenician, Libyan, Numidian, African, etc.) Supplied much of Greece with its agricultural needs CARTHAGINIAN RELIGION C Baal Tanit Astarte HUMAN SACRIFICE C Excavations have shown the Carthaginians practiced ritual sacrifices of their first born sons Tofets (sanctuary dedicated to Tanit with urns of cremated boys) The tofet at Carthage had 7 layers of urns ranging over 600 years and goes all the way until the destruction of Carthage in 146 BC (only 10% was excavated and they already have over 3000 urns!) No pathogens, no broken bones – all of the remains indicate the children were burned to death CARTHAGINIAN GEOGRAPHY Virgil describes a very lush environment with many wild animals Royal marble (reddish in color) was later taken from these mntns to use in the floor of the Pantheon THE PUNIC WARS WHY DO ROME AND CARTHAGE GO TO WAR IN THE FIRST PLACE? SICILY… GREEK’S VISION OF HEAVEN… MEDITERANEAN BREADBASKET C CASSUS BELLI CC They could not coincide as both nations sought to expand. FIRST PUNIC WAR (264 – 241 BC) C Starts with Roman aid to Messana against Carthage 264 BC is the 1st time the Romans leave Italy proper Many ppl on Sicily identified with C. more than R. The Roman province of Campania grew more influential and really supported the war – they had very fertile soil and were very wealthy due to agriculture and felt threatened by the Carthaginians Romans have to build its first navy in order to compete with the Carthaginians for dominance of Sicily. Battles on the Sea Used a beached C. warship as the model for their own navy. 1st two fleets are destroyed. 3rd fleet is privately purchased by Campanian nobility And Battle on the Land The Romans gradually move across Sicily trying to cut of access to Carthage However they never defeat Hamilcar Barca TREATY OF LUTATIUS C Carthage forces Hamilcar Barca to negotiate despite the fact he never lost a battle Carthage must remove all of its presence on Sicily Carthage cannot ally with Syracuse Carthage must pay a sum over 80 lbs of gold and silver Hamilcar said this should be over 20 years, Carthage’s govt. agreed to 10 Carthage must destroy its navy Carthage is soon plunged into the Mercenary War. THE MAKING OF A SOLDIER He is so mad at the rulers of Carthage he leaves to restore its glory and wealth by conquering Spain He takes with him his young sons Hannibal, Hasdrubal, and Mago BUILDING A NEW EMPIRE HAMILCAR DOES VERY WELL IN SPAIN AFTER HIS DEATH, HE IS FOLLOWED BY HIS SON IN LAW HASDRUBAL THE FAIR AFTER HIS DEATH, HANNIBAL IS UNANIMOUSLY ELECTED LEADER BY THE ARMY SECOND PUNIC WAR (218 – 201 BC) C Hannibal attacked a Roman ally in Spain, Saguntum It took him 8 months to defeat the city but he gained a lot of wealth, slaves, and property He then spent the next 8 months preparing to attack Rome – gains support from the Iberians and the CeltIberians in Spain by promising them more fertile land in Gaul He bypasses the Roman troops sent to stop him by going through the Alps and descending on Italy from the North He will spend the next 15 years terrifying the Romans MAJOR BATTLES C TREBIA LAKE TRASIMENE CANNAE THE SAVIOR OF ROME GNAEUS PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO THE YOUNGER THIRD PUNIC WAR (146 BC) C Cato the Elder declared “Carthago delenda est” or “Carthage must be destroyed!” Rome attacks a weakened Carthage and utterly destroys the city Rome punished the city by… Razed the city Sold all the survivors into slavery Sowed salt in the fields to keep anyone from returning there