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CHAPTER 17
17.1
STUDENT NOTES
How Are Plant Bodies Organized?
A. Flowering Plants Have a __________ System and a ___________ System
(Figure 17-1)
1. ___________ generally are the underground portions of the plant body that
serve _________major functions
a. _____________ plant
b. Absorb __________ and ____________
c. Store surplus ____________
d. Transport __________, ____________, __________, and _____________
to and from shoot
2. Shoot systems are generally the _________________ portions of the plant
body composed of ___________, ______ (flowers and fruits in season)
_______ on stems
3. Functions of shoots include
a. __________________ in ________ tissues—mainly leaves and young
green stems
b. _____________ materials among leaves, flowers, fruits, and roots
c. ________________
B. ________________ Plants Can Be Divided into ______ Groups (Figure 17-2)
17.2
How Do Plants Grow?
A. During Growth, _____________ Cells Give Rise to _________________ Cells
1. Plants are composites of _______ different kinds of cells
a. Meristem cells—can ___________ by ___________
b. _________________ cells—specialized in ______________ and
_____________.
2. Two major types of ______________ exist
a. _____________ meristems (“tip meristems”) located at tips of shoots and
roots
b. ____________ meristems (“side meristems” or “cambia”) that form a
continuous _____________ that runs lengthwise inside shoots and roots
B. Different Processes Are Responsible for Growth in ___________ and
___________
1. ______________ growth (nonwoody/herbaceous)
a. Occurs by ____________ of ____________ meristems
b. Responsible for ____________ in length and ________________of
specialized plant structures (leaves and flowers)
2. Secondary growth (______)
a. Occurs by division of ____________ _____________
b. Responsible for ___________ in diameter in __________ and _________
of conifers and woody _________
17.3
What Are the Tissues and Cell Types of Plants? (Figure 17-3)
A. Dermal Tissue Covers the __________ __________ (Figure 17-4)
B. ____________ Tissue Makes Up Most of the Young Plant Body
C. Vascular Tissue Consists of __________ and ___________
1. ________ conducts water and dissolved __________ from the roots to the
rest of the plant (Figure 17-5)
2. _______________ conducts substances throughout the plant (Figure 17-6)
17.4
How Do Roots Grow and What Do They Do? (Figure 17-7)
A. Roots Elongate by ____________ _____________ (Figure 17-8)
B. The ________________of the Root Is Very Permeable to Water (Figure 17-9)
C. The Cortex Controls the Absorption of ___________ and ______________
D. The ______________ ____________Contains Xylem and Phloem and
____________ for Branch Roots (Figure 17-10)
17.5
How Do Stems Grow and What Do They Do? (Figure 17-11)
A. The Epidermis of the Stem Reduces ________ ________ While Allowing
__________ ___________ to Enter
B. The __________ and ________ Support the Stem, Store Food, and
Photosynthesize
1. ___________
2. Storage
3. ___________________
C. ______________ ____________ in Stems Transport Water, Dissolved
Nutrients, and ____________
D. Branches Form from __________ _______ That Contain _____________
Cells (Figure 17-12)
E. Secondary Growth Produces __________, ____________ Stems
1. Vascular cambium produces secondary ___________ and _________
(Figure 17-13)
2. ___________ ___________ reflect seasonal changes
3. Secondary growth causes the ______________to be replaced by _________
__________.
4. Some specialized stems produce new _________ or store __________ or
____________ (Figure 17-14)
17.6
What Is the Structure of Leaves and What Do They Do?
A. Leaves Have ______ Major Parts (Figure 17-15)
B. Specialized Leaves May Provide ___________, Store __________, or Even
______________ ______________ (Figure 17-16)
17.7
How Do Plants Acquire Nutrients?
A. __________ Take Up Minerals Dissolved in Water
B. _________ and ___________ Help Plants Acquire Nutrients
1. Fungal ________________ help plants acquire minerals (Figure 17-17)
2. ____________-filled __________ on their roots help ____________ acquire
nitrogen (Figure 17-18)
17.8
How Do Plants Acquire Water and Transport Water and Nutrients?
A. Transpiration Provides the Force for Water Movement in ___________
(Figure 17-19)
B. Water Enters Roots Mainly by _______________ Differences Created by
__________________.
C. Adjustable _______________ Control Rate of Transpiration
D. The _____________-_________ Theory Explains Sugar Movement in
________ (Figure 17-20)