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Chapter 6
Tissues and Membranes
Elsevier items and derived items © 2007, 2003, 2000 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Slide 1
Introduction
• Tissues are groups of cells similar to each
other in structure and function.
• Membranes are thin sheets of tissue that
cover surfaces, line body cavities, and
surround organs.
Slide 2
Types of Tissue
• Epithelial Tissue Types
– Epithelial tissue covers surfaces, lines cavities, and
engages in secretion/absorption and protective
functions.
– Epithelial tissue is classified according to cell shape
(squamous, cuboidal, and columnar) and layers
(simple and stratified).
– The types and functions are summarized in Table 61.
Slide 3
Types of Tissue - cont’d
• Connective Tissue
– The primary function of connective tissue is to bind
together the parts of the body. Other functions
include support, protection, fat storage, and transport
of substances.
– Connective tissue has an abundant intercellular matrix
that fills spaces between cells. The intercellular matrix
may be liquid, gel-like, or hard. The matrix often
contains protein fibers that are secreted by the cells.
– There are three types of loose connective tissue:
areolar, adipose, and reticular.
Slide 4
Types of Tissue - cont’d
• Connective Tissue—cont’d
– Dense fibrous connective tissue forms tendons, ligaments,
capsules, and fascia, and is found in the skin (dermis).
– Types of cartilage include: hyaline, elastic, and
fibrocartilage.
– Bone (osseous tissue) is connective tissue formed by
osteocytes. Bone cells have a hard intercellular matrix that
includes collagen, calcium salts, and other minerals.
– Blood and lymph are types of connective tissue that have a
watery intercellular matrix.
Slide 5
Types of Tissue - cont’d
• Nervous Tissue
– Nervous tissue is found in the peripheral nerves,
brain, and spinal cord.
– The two types of nervous tissue are neurons,
which transmit electrical signals, and neuroglia,
which support and take care of the neurons.
• Muscle Tissue
– Muscle cells contract, thereby causing movement.
– The three kinds of muscle are skeletal, smooth,
and cardiac.
Slide 6
Tissue Repair
• Tissue Repair by Regeneration
– Replacement of tissue by cells that undergo
mitosis
• Tissue Repair by Fibrosis
– Formation of scar tissue
Slide 7
Membranes
• Epithelial Membranes
– The cutaneous membrane is the skin.
– Mucous membranes are epithelial membranes that line all
body cavities that open to the exterior of the body.
– Serous membranes are epithelial membranes that line the
ventral body cavities, which are not open to the exterior of
the body.
– Serous membranes form two layers: a parietal layer that lines
the wall of the cavity and a visceral layer that covers the
outside of an organ.
– The three serous membranes are the pleura, the
pericardium, and the peritoneum.
Slide 8
Membranes - cont’d
• Connective Tissue Membranes
– Synovial membranes are connective tissue
membranes.
– Other connective tissue membranes are listed in
Table 6-3.
Slide 9