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New quasiatomic nanoheterostructures: Superatoms and Excitonic quasimolecules
Sergey I. Pokutnyi1(*), Petr P. Gorbyk1, Wlodzimierz Salejda 2
1
Chuіko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
2
Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
*
[email protected]
Superatom (quasiatomic nanoheterostructures) consists of a core (quantum dots (QDs)) of radius
a with dielectric permittivity (DP) ε2, which is contained in the volume of the semiconductor (or
dielectric) material; core is surrounded by a dielectric (semiconductor) sensor with DP ε1 [1]. The term
“artificial atom” (superatom) is legitimate, given the discrete the nature of the spectra of the electronic
states superatomic and natural atoms [1,2], as well as the similarity of their chemical activity. Quasizero-dimensional nanosystems (QN) research consisting of nanocrystals of spherical shape-so-called
QDs with radii a = 110 nm, containing within its scope semiconductors (CdS, CdSe, GaAs, Ge, Si,
ZnSe) and insulators (Al2O3), grown in dielectric (semiconductor) matrices, has received increased
attention due to their unique photoluminescence properties, the ability to efficiently emit light in the
visible or near-infrared bands at room temperature. Optical and electro-optical properties of QN
(which in some cases exhibit the properties superatomic) largely determines the energy spectrum of
space-bounded quasiparticles (electrons, holes, excitons, biexcitons, phonons, polarons, positrons,
etc.) [1-3].
In [1], in the framework of the modified method of the effective mass, developed a theory
superatom of spatially separated electrons and holes (the hole is in the amount of QD, and the electron
is localized on the spherical surface interface (QD-matrix)). As a core advocate QDs containing in its
volume semiconductors and dielectrics. Energy spectrum superatom, starting with the value of the
critical radius QD а ≥ ас(1) (about 4 nm), will consist entirely with discrete quantum levels. This is
called hydrogen-superatom [1]. Localized above the surface of the electron is a valence QD. Quantumdiscrete energy levels superatom thus, are located in the band gap matrices (dielectric or
semiconductor). Electrons in superatom linked to well-defined atomic orbitals and localization in the
vicinity of the nucleus (QD). As a core advocate QD containing in its volume semiconductors and
dielectrics. Ionization energy superatomic take large values (about 3 eV), which is almost three orders
of magnitude higher than the binding energy of excitons in semiconductors. Thus, the observed effect
is a significant increase in the binding energy of the singlet ground state of the exciton quasimolecule
(of spatially separated electrons and holes) in the QN (more than an order of magnitude) than the
binding energy of the biexciton in a single crystal of cadmium sulfide [3].
We proposed in [2] a new model of an artificial atom allowed to offer and calculate a new
nanogeterostructure quantum dot - artificial atom X, the natural analogue of the group of alkali metals,
following the cesium and absent in the periodic Mendeleev.
These results suggest the possibility in principle of creating a plurality of artificial atoms,
including natural analogues, with new physical and chemical properties [1-3]. Based on them, we can
construct new quantum nanosystems - quasimolecules and quasicrystals management symmetry and
lattice period which will allow to realize the unique physical and chemical effects and phenomena, to
create new principles in materials science [1-3].
1. S.I. Pokutnyi, J. Optical Technol., 82, No. 5: 280 (2015).
2. S.I. Pokutnyi, P.P. Gorbyk, J. Nanostruct. Chem., 5, No.1: 35 (2015).
3. S.I. Pokutnyi, Theor. Eksper. Chem., 52, No.1: 27 (2016).