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Studies of Nanocrystalline SnO2 Doped with Titanium (Ti), Yttrium (Y
Studies of Nanocrystalline SnO2 Doped with Titanium (Ti), Yttrium (Y

... analysis, flat–panel displays, illumination, optical and infrared lasers and many more [2]. Currently, here in South Africa, nanomaterials are being investigated for future water purification and sensing. The metal-oxide nanocrystalline materials like tin dioxide (SnO2) are currently of considerable ...
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-Mn Alloys
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-Mn Alloys

structural implications of ultra-high performance fibre
structural implications of ultra-high performance fibre

... significant tensile forces to be sustained by elements in bending even without the use of ordinary reinforcement. Thanks also to the material’s resistance to environmental degradation, very thin structural elements can be constructed. This research focuses primarily on the bending behaviour and desi ...
Fabrication and photoelectrical properties of SnO2/p
Fabrication and photoelectrical properties of SnO2/p

Piezo-Fundamentals.pdf
Piezo-Fundamentals.pdf

... as a credible scientific activity. Issues such as reversible exchange of electrical and mechanical energy, asymmetric nature of piezoelectric crystals, and the use of thermodynamics in describing various aspects of piezoelectricity were studied in this period. The first serious application for piezoel ...
Deposition, Characterization, and Fabrication of a Zinc Oxide
Deposition, Characterization, and Fabrication of a Zinc Oxide

... onto the surface of the substrate. .................................................................................................. 24 Figure 15 – During sputtering, incident ions collide with the surface of the target material, which causes several cascading events to occur, including ion implant ...
AMIE Question Papers (Material Science)
AMIE Question Papers (Material Science)

... sequence of FCC and HCP crystal structure. b) Caculate the atomic packing factor (APF) for the FCC crystal structure. c)What are point defects and how are they created? Discuss different types point defects in brief . d) Discuss major differences between edge and srew dislocation. 2 a) What is Gibbs ...
CURRENT TRENDS IN WELDING PROCESSES AND MATERIALS
CURRENT TRENDS IN WELDING PROCESSES AND MATERIALS

A New Synthetic Method for Nanoscale Metal-
A New Synthetic Method for Nanoscale Metal-

... materials, from the naturally occurring porous inorganic materials, like activated carbon and zeolites, to the rationally designed Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). From a historical perspective, activated carbons solids are considered the first porous materials. The first recorded application of cha ...
CE 303-121- lecture 17
CE 303-121- lecture 17

... Resistance to action of water • Asphalt materials designed for pavements should be able to withstand the effects of water ...
Quadratic solitons: recent developments
Quadratic solitons: recent developments

... soliton formation mediated by parametric wave interactions in crystals with quadratic nonlinearities [1], [2], which were theoretically predicted for the first time in the 1970s [3], opened a whole new area of possibilities in soliton science and its applications. For many years, second-order or qua ...
Bulk materials — — Part 1: Sampling and qualitative determination
Bulk materials — — Part 1: Sampling and qualitative determination

Multifunctional N,O-type Carborane-Based Materials: from Molecular Complexes to Three Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks
Multifunctional N,O-type Carborane-Based Materials: from Molecular Complexes to Three Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks

The impact behaviour of silk cocoons
The impact behaviour of silk cocoons

... our understanding of the material and biochemical properties of their silk fibres (Porter and Vollrath, 2009). More applied silkworm research tends to focus on methods to best extract the silk from the cocoons of the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori or from wild cocoons (Gheysens et al., 2011; Kund ...
Nanoparticle, NiO, Nanocomposite, Sol-gel, UV
Nanoparticle, NiO, Nanocomposite, Sol-gel, UV

... It is also clearly seen fro m the figure that the absorption coefficient tends to decrease exponentially as the wavelength increases like the case of pure NiO nanoparticles[4]. This behaviour is typical for many semiconductors and can occur for a variety of reasons, such as internal electric fields ...
Document
Document

... VITO, Sustainable Materials Management, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium ...
piezoelectric anisotropy and free energy instability in
piezoelectric anisotropy and free energy instability in

... constant, the highest reported thickness mode coupling coefficient 1 and a high longitudinal sound propagation velocity. It is then straightforward to see that KN represents an exceptional non-lead based (i.e. environmental friendly) candidate for high frequency single element transducers. However, ...
high strain rate behaviour of woven composite
high strain rate behaviour of woven composite

... the use of these materials in the aerospace industry demands a reliable constitutive damage model to predict their response under high strain rate loading. The current available models do not include rate effects, are too complicated to use, are unable to provide a clear procedure for characterizing ...
Exploration of new superconductors and
Exploration of new superconductors and

... exploration for high Tc superconductors is a truly challenging subject in condensed matter research. ...
growth of k2co3-doped kdp crystal from an aqueous solution and an
growth of k2co3-doped kdp crystal from an aqueous solution and an

... ferroelectric phase and has an orthorhombic structure. This crystal is an excellent electro-optic and nonlinear optical (NLO) material, so it is used in optical modulators such as a second-harmonic generator. In addition, it is characterized by its good UV-visible transmission, high damage threshold ...
Tunneling Transistors Based on Graphene and 2
Tunneling Transistors Based on Graphene and 2

Research of Calcium Phosphates Using Fourier
Research of Calcium Phosphates Using Fourier

... other elements (Na, K, F, and Cl) form ~ 70% of the bone tissue mass. Also, bone tissues contain water (10% of mass) and collagen along with the other organic materials in small amounts. In living system CaP are found in the form of crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) and in the amorphous calcium phosp ...
Mechanical Properties of Pedal Mucus and Their Consequences for
Mechanical Properties of Pedal Mucus and Their Consequences for

... grow larger than it does, or why it cannot move faster. For any particular limitation it is usually possible for a number of factors to operate simultaneously, and it is generally difficult to decide which has been the critical limiting mechanism. The biomechanical approach to biology can assist in ...
www.rsc.org/materials
www.rsc.org/materials

... horrifying Mr. Hyde into a polite Dr. Jekyll but maybe, instead of unsuccessfully trying this, one could rather employ Mr. Hyde for some worthy purpose, not just despite F’s enormous electronwithdrawing power but precisely because of it? In this feature article we would like to discuss in more detai ...
Asp_calcite_FCM_Main_NatMat_Symplectic author accepted
Asp_calcite_FCM_Main_NatMat_Symplectic author accepted

... concepts also broadly apply to twin formation. To fully understand the hardening mechanisms of single crystal biominerals, one must determine the relationship between the hardness and the ...
1 2 3 4 5 ... 31 >

History of metamaterials



The history of metamaterials begins with artificial dielectrics in microwave engineering as it developed just after World War II. Yet, there are seminal explorations of artificial materials for manipulating electromagnetic waves at the end of the 19th century.Hence, the history of metamaterials is essentially a history of developing certain types of manufactured materials, which interact at radio frequency, microwave, and later optical frequencies.As the science of materials has advanced, photonic materials have been developed which use the photon of light as the fundamental carrier of information. This has led to photonic crystals, and at the beginning of the new millennium, the proof of principle for functioning metamaterials with a negative index of refraction in the microwave range at 10.5 Gigahertz. This was followed by the first proof of principle for metamaterial cloaking (shielding an object from view), also in the microwave range, about six years later. However, a cloak that can conceal objects across the entire electromagnetic spectrum is still decades away. Many physics and engineering problems need to be solved.Nevertheless, negative refractive materials have led to the development of metamaterial antennas and metamaterial microwave lenses for miniature wireless system antennas which are more efficient than their conventional counterparts. Also, metamaterial antennas are now commercially available. Meanwhile, subwavelength focusing with the superlens is also a part of present-day metamaterials research.
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