Download Dasyornis longirostris, Western Bristlebird

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
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IUCN 2008: T22704502A39295269
Dasyornis longirostris, Western Bristlebird
Assessment by: BirdLife International
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: BirdLife International. 2012. Dasyornis longirostris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species 2012: e.T22704502A39295269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20121.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Dasyornithidae
Taxon Name: Dasyornis longirostris Gould, 1841
Common Name(s):
• English:
• Spanish:
Western Bristlebird, Long-billed Bristlebird
Curruca Bigotuda Piquilarga
Taxonomic Source(s):
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds. CSIRO Publishing,
Collingwood, Australia.
Identification Information:
17-20 cm. Medium-sized, sturdy, grey-brown passerine. Sexes similar. Dark brown upper back dappled
pale grey. Dark brown lower back. Rich rufous-brown rump. Rufous-brown upperwing-coverts. Mostly
rufous-brown uppertail. Off-white centre of breast and belly with fine black-brown scalloping, sparser
on belly. Olive-brown sides of belly and flanks with fine black-brown scalloping. Mostly olive-brown
undertail. Juvenile similar to adult, but upperparts without dappling. Similar spp. Noisy Scrub-bird
Atrichornis clamosus differs by having barred upperparts and lacking scalloping on underparts. Voice
Male, high chortling call, very variable within and between individuals. Female, replying with a sharp,
usually three-noted whistle.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria:
Endangered B1ab(iii,v) ver 3.1
Year Published:
2012
Date Assessed:
May 1, 2012
Justification:
This species has been uplisted to Endangered because it has a very small range, and a small population
which is undergoing a decline, owing mainly to the effects of wildfires. Large lightning-induced fires in
2005 and 2006 severely reduced the population, and ongoing habitat degradation from fires is likely.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2008 – Vulnerable (VU)
2004 – Vulnerable (VU)
2000 – Vulnerable (VU)
1996 – Endangered (EN)
1994 – Endangered (EN)
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
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1988 – Threatened (T)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
Dasyornis longirostris was formerly found in coastal south-west Western Australia, Australia, from Perth
to Ravensthorpe. It is now restricted to in and around Fitzgerald River National Park and to a small area
just east of Albany at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Betty’s Beach, Mt Manypeaks to Bluff Creek.
Eighteen birds were translocated in 1999–2000 and 2007 from Two People’s Bay to near Walpole, west
of Albany, but there was no evidence of breeding. A population of c.620 pairs in 2001 was reduced by
fires to c.320 pairs in 2005 (Burbidge et al. 2010), estimated to comprise c.1,000 mature individuals
(Garnett et al. 2011). The density of birds is greater in the Manypeaks-Waychinicup areas than in the
Fitzgerald River National Park, but reasons for this are unknown. The Albany to Mt Manypeaks area
population declined from c.500 pairs in 2001 to 200–315 pairs in 2005 and 2006, largely as a result of
wildfires, although the cause for the decline in some areas is unclear. The Fitzgerald River National Park
subpopulation numbered c.125 pairs in 2005 (Burbidge et al. 2010).
Country Occurrence:
Native: Australia
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
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Distribution Map
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
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Population
In 2005, the known breeding population was estimated at 300-450 pairs, probably equating to a total of
1,000 mature individuals (A. Burbidge in litt. 2007, Garnett et al. 2011).
Trend Justification
At the turn of the century, the species was considered to be stable; however, a series of fires in the Two
Peoples Bay-Mt Manypeaks area between December 2000 and December 2004 impacted the local
population (A. Burbidge in litt. 2007). Numbers of calling males were reduced from about 500 in 2001 to
200 in 2005, with similar numbers recorded in 2006. Thus, overall, the population is estimated to have
declined over the last three generations.
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
It is terrestrial and sedentary with a preference for dense, low heaths. In Two Peoples Bay, it occurs in
dense, closed heath 1-1.5 m high. Near Waychinicup River and in the Fitzgerald River National Park, it is
found mainly in closed heath 0.5 m high, sometimes with scattered patches of mallee eucalypts.
Unburnt swampy vegetation, predominantly sedges and thickets, may be important refuges after fires.
At Two Peoples Bay, it can reoccupy heaths less than 3 years after fire, although breeding may not occur
until later. It may not reoccupy heaths in drier areas until 11-14 years after fire. It was found in heaths 512 years after fire from Boulder Hill to east of Waychinicup River, and 14-28 years after fire in the
northern part of Fitzgerald River National Park.
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
It is particularly vulnerable to habitat destruction and alteration. Wildfire is the principal threat,
particularly large-scale wildfires, the incidence and extent of which have been increasing in recent years,
despite increased skills, capacity and effort to stop them. Fires at less than 5-10 year intervals may lead
to local extinctions, and such fires are almost certainly the main cause of its historical range contraction.
At the other end of the scale, some coastal heath (at least at Two Peoples Bay) remains suitable habitat
for at least 50 years after fire, although the carrying capacity may be reduced with time. A series of fires
in the Two Peoples Bay-Mt Manypeaks area between December 2000 and December 2004 impacted the
local population of this species (A. Burbidge in litt. 2007). Numbers of calling males were reduced from
about 500 in 2001 to 200 in 2005 (A. Burbidge in litt. 2007). While most of this decline was clearly
attributable to large-scale wildfires, some of the decline was most likely due to other, unknown factors
(A. Burbidge in litt. 2007). Predation by introduced mammals, particularly foxes Vulpes vulpes and feral
cats Felis catus, may be significant (Gilfillan et al. 2009; Burbidge et al. 2010). Other potential threats
include dieback caused by the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi, disturbance by introduced
animals (particularly hard-hoofed animals), weed invasion and changes in hydrological regimes (Gilfillan
et al. 2009). Clearance for grazing and agriculture caused historical range contractions, but is no longer
considered a threat as almost all bristlebirds now occur in protected areas.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
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Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
Conservation Actions Underway
CITES Appendix I. Surveys have been completed over the range of the species, and populations are
protected from fire as much as possible, particularly in association with the other threatened taxa of the
Two Peoples Bay-Manypeaks area. In 1999-2000 and 2007, 18 birds were translocated to a site west of
Albany, but the translocation appears to have been unsuccessful and there was no evidence of breeding
(Garnett et al. 2011). Further translocations are planned (A. Burbidge in litt. 2007). The population in
the Two Peoples Bay-Mt Manypeaks area is being monitored (Danks and Comer 2006, A. Burbidge in litt.
2007). The recovery of this species is being managed by the South Coast Threatened Birds Recovery
Team (A. Burbidge in litt. 2007). Conservation Actions Proposed
Survey and monitor populations at five-year intervals and search for new subpopulations. Maintain
active fire protection and management at all sites. Continue habitat management and threat abatement
of all occupied areas within an adaptive management framework. Further investigate habitat
requirements, in particular in relation to fire age, vegetation structure and food availability. Study the
effect of dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, and the extent of predation by invasive species.
Establish populations throughout former range where appropriate habitat persists. Continue the
translocation programme. Continue to support coordination of management by the South Coast
Threatened Bird Recovery Team (Garnett et al. 2011).
Credits
Assessor(s):
BirdLife International
Reviewer(s):
Butchart, S. & Taylor, J.
Contributor(s):
Burbidge, A.
Facilitators(s) and
Compiler(s):
Benstead, P., Garnett, S., McClellan, R., Symes, A. & Taylor, J.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
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Bibliography
Burbidge, A. H., Comer, S., Danks, A., Berryman, A., Hamilton, N. 2010. Attempted reintroduction of the
Western Bristlebird in south-western Australia. In: Soorae, P. S. (ed.), Global Re-Introduction
Perspectives: Additional Case-studies from Around the Globe, pp. 171-175. IUCN/SSC Re-Introduction
Specialist Group, Abu Dhabi.
Danks, M.; Comer, S. 2006. Mt Manypeaks update: Project Phoenix rises! South Coast Threatened Bird
News: 10-11.
Garnett, S. T.; Crowley, G. M. 2000. The action plan for Australian birds 2000. Environment Australia,
Canberra.
Garnett, S. T.; Szabo, J. K.; Dutson, G. 2011. The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010. CSIRO Publishing,
Collingwood.
Gilfillan, S., Comer, S., Burbidge, A.H., Blyth, J., Danks, A., Newell, J. 2009. South Coast Threatened Birds
Recovery Plan. Western Australian Wildlife Management Program No. 44. WA Department of
Environment and Conservation, Perth.
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2012.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 19 June 2012).
Citation
BirdLife International. 2012. Dasyornis longirostris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012:
e.T22704502A39295269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
6
Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat
Season
Suitability
Major
Importance?
3. Shrubland -> 3.4. Shrubland - Temperate
Resident
Suitable
Yes
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat
Timing
Scope
Severity
Impact Score
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.3. Agro-industry
farming
Past,
unlikely to
return
Majority (5090%)
No decline
Past impact
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Past,
unlikely to
return
Majority (5090%)
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Past, likely
to return
Majority (5090%)
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->
2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success
Ongoing
Majority (5090%)
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
Minority (50%)
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
Majority (5090%)
Stresses:
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
Ongoing
Majority (5090%)
Stresses:
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
Future
Whole (>90%)
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming
& ranching -> 2.3.3. Agro-industry grazing, ranching
or farming
7. Natural system modifications -> 7.1. Fire & fire
suppression -> 7.1.3. Trend Unknown/Unrecorded
8. Invasive & other problematic species & genes ->
8.1. Invasive non-native/alien species -> 8.1.1.
Unspecified species
8. Invasive & other problematic species & genes ->
8.1. Invasive non-native/alien species -> 8.1.2.
Named species (Phytophthora cinnamomi)
8. Invasive & other problematic species & genes ->
8.1. Invasive non-native/alien species -> 8.1.2.
Named species (Felis catus)
8. Invasive & other problematic species & genes ->
8.1. Invasive non-native/alien species -> 8.1.2.
Named species (Vulpes vulpes)
11. Climate change & severe weather -> 11.1. Habitat
shifting & alteration
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
No decline
Slow, significant
declines
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Past impact
Past impact
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
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1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Research, Monitoring and Planning
Action Recovery plan: Yes
Systematic monitoring scheme: Yes
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range
Occur in at least one PA: Yes
Invasive species control or prevention: No
In-Place Species Management
Successfully reintroduced or introduced beningly: Yes
Subject to ex-situ conservation: No
In-Place Education
Subject to recent education and awareness programmes: No
Included in international legislation: No
Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes
Conservation Actions Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions Needed
2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management
3. Species management -> 3.2. Species recovery
3. Species management -> 3.3. Species re-introduction -> 3.3.1. Reintroduction
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
8
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.5. Threats
3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends
Additional Data Fields
Distribution
Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 700
Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Unknown
Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): No
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 540
Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Unknown
Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
Number of Locations: 5
Continuing decline in number of locations: Unknown
Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: No
Population
Number of mature individuals: 1000
Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
Extreme fluctuations: No
Population severely fragmented: No
No. of subpopulations: 2
Continuing decline in subpopulations: Unknown
Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations: No
All individuals in one subpopulation: No
Habitats and Ecology
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
Generation Length (years): 3.2
Movement patterns: Not a Migrant
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyornis longirostris – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22704502A39295269.en
9
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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN
Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation
International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas
A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™