Download Three Monotheistic Religions p.point

The Three Monotheistic
Religions
Judaism, Christianity, & Islam
The Holy Land
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Long ago, Hebrews of
Mesopotamia
migrated west
Called that land Israel
Jerusalem, the capital
of modern-day Israel,
was the major city
The Birthplace of 3 Religions
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Over centuries, this land was conquered
and controlled by many
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The Romans drove the Jews out of Israel
Arabs took over around 600 A.D.
With each new group, a new religion was
born
As a result, Judaism, Christianity, and
Islam all have origins in Jerusalem
Judaism
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Oldest monotheistic religion
Fundamental Beliefs:
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There is a single, all-powerful God
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The Ten Commandments
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Called Yahweh, or Jehovah
Created the universe and everything in it
given to Moses on Mount Sinai
Laws for leading a life devoted to God
Jerusalem, and Israel, is the land God promised to
Abraham
A Messiah will come one day to end all evil
Holy Text - The Torah
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The Torah is the holy text
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God gave the Torah to the
Jews as a guide to living a
holy & obedient life
The Talmud is the Holy
Book of Law
A copy of the Torah,
written in Hebrew, must be
kept in a synagogue
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Synagogue – religious
house of worship
Important Jewish Figures
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Abraham
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Born in Ur
(Mesopotamia)
Made covenant with
God
Ancestor of the Jews
Moses
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Jewish prophet
Brought the Ten
Commandments to the
Jews from God
Jewish Holidays
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Hannukah
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Yom Kippur
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Festival of Lights
Rededicates the Temple of Jerusalem
Day of Atonement (forgiveness)
Rosh Hashanah
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Jewish New Year
Judaism Facts
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12 millions followers around the world
If not for the Holocaust, Jewish population
would be near 35 million worldwide
Most Jews live in Israel or in the USA
Jewish community leader called a rabbi
Holy Day, or Sabbath, is from sunset Friday
to sunset Saturday
Christianity
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Founded by Jews, called Disciples
Started between 4 B.C. and 30 A.D.
Fundamental beliefs:
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God created, maintains, and will destroy the Earth
The Ten Commandments
Jesus, the Messiah, died for mankind’s sins so humans
may have eternal life in Heaven
Love thy neighbor
Holy Text - The Bible
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Divided into Old
Testament and New
Testament
Old Testament =
Jewish Torah (written
before Jesus was
born)
New Testament = the
four Gospels (written
after Jesus died)
Important Christian Figures
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Jesus
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Holy Spirit
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Son of God, who is the human form of God
Spirit of God that can enter humans
Holy Trinity – the three forms of God
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God, in Heaven
Jesus, God’s human form on Earth
Holy Spirit, inside all humans
Christian Holidays
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Christmas
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The birth of Jesus
Easter
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Jesus’ death and
resurrection into Heaven
Christianity Facts
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About 2 billion Christians worldwide
Christianity divided into two sects (groups)
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Roman Catholic (1 billion)
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Spread after the Roman Empire became Christian
Pope is the leader of the Church
Protestant (1 billion)
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Martin Luther protested against the Catholic Church in the 1500’s
Many Protestant faiths:
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Baptist
Lutheran
Presbyterian
Episcopalian (Anglican)
Pentecostal
Islam
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Founded around 600 A.D. in Saudi Arabia
Fundamental beliefs:
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There is only one god named Allah
Muhammad is the true prophet
Mecca is the most holy place on Earth
The 5 Pillars of Islam
The 5 Pillars of Islam
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Pillar 1 – Shahada
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Pillar 2 – Salat
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Give a portion of one’s income to the poor/charities
Pillar 4 – Sawm
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Pray 5 times daily facing toward the holy city of Mecca
Pillar 3 – Zakat
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There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger
Do not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset during the holy month
of Ramadan
Pillar 5 – Hajj
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If in good health, make a pilgrimage (journey) to Mecca at least
once in a lifetime
Important Muslim Leader
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Muhammad
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Lived about 600 years after Jesus
Was a trader and traveled in caravans
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Was visited by the angel Gabriel who was sent by God
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Along the routes, learned about the Jewish and Christian
faiths
Retold those messages to others who became his followers
Believed it was the true version of Judaism
Mecca
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Mecca, located in Saudi
Arabia, is the holiest site
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Used to be Jerusalem until
Muhammad cut ties with
Jewish religion
Millions make pilgrimage
yearly
Birthplace of Muhammad
The location Muslims
orient to when praying
Holy Text - The Quran
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The Quran = collection of the
messages sent by God to
Muhammad through Gabriel
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Many Muslims believe the only
true Quran is written in Arabic
Sharia Law
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Not a part of the Quran, but
derived from it
Religious code for living
Today, used as governing
laws for many Arab nations
Islamic Holidays
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Ramadan
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Most holy month of the Islamic Calendar
1 month of daytime fasting
Time for reflection, devotion to God, & practicing
self-control
Hajj
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Pilgrimage to the House of Allah in Mecca
Time set aside during the 12th month of the
Islamic Calendar
Islam Facts
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About 1 billion Muslims worldwide
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Most live in the Arab nations of the Middle East
Many Middle East nations are theocracies
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Theocracy = religion and government are the same
Sharia Law is the governing law
Two major groups:
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Sunni
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Follow the elected Muslim leaders
Majority of Muslims (940 million)
Shia
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Follow the descendents of the family of Muhammad as
leaders