Download Basic belief - Spring Branch ISD

Oldest monotheistic religionbelieving in GOD
Founder-Abraham (2000-1400 BC)
Basic Belief
Covenant- Jews believe that God
made a special agreement with
Abraham to bless his descendants
and give them land if they
worshipped and remained faithful to
God. Jews are called the “Chosen
People.”
Texts- the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) & the Talmud
The Tanakh (Old Testament) has 3 parts
a. the Torah- (the Law) 5 books
Genesis- Deuteronomy, covenant with the
people
b. Nevi’im - the Prophets
c. Ketuvim - the Writings
The Talmud- interpretations
and commentaries of
the Torah
Branches
Hasidism- extreme observance of Jewish laws
Orthodox- Jewish law strictly followed
Conservative- started in 1800s, Talmud is a human creation not
the revelation of God, moral and ethical teachings are the most
important
Reform- started mid 1800s, scriptures should be interpreted with
modern knowledge and culture in mind
Zionism- movement that has emphasis on Jewish nationhood,
Israel
Place of Worship- synagogue
Rabbi- spiritual leader who teaches & interprets Jewish law
Cantor- chants prayers in Hebrew
Yarmulka- the skull cap
HOLY PLACES
• Jerusalem is the holy
city for the Jews
– Western Wall
(“Wailing Wall”)
• Site of the original
temple built & rebuilt
• Site of Jewish prayer &
pilgrimage
– Sacred Rock (Dome of
the Rock)
• Place where Abraham
tried to sacrifice his son
Isaac
Unique Dietary laws
(Kosher)
•Orthodox & Hasidic
•only eat from animals that
graze & have split hoofs
•only eat fish with scales and
fins, no shellfish
•birds but not birds of prey
•meat and dairy products kept
and eaten separate
Festivals and Holidays
Rosh Hoshanah- Jewish New Year
Yom Kippur- Day of Atonement
Hanukkah- Feast of Lights
Passover- commemorating the Exodus from Egypt
Bar & Bat Mitzvah
• According to Jewish law, when Jewish
children reach 13 years of age for boys and
12 years of age for girls, they become
responsible for their actions
– Bar (Son) for boys
– Bat (Daughter) for girls
Vocabulary Warm Up
Please define and use the following
words in a sentence.
1. Monotheistic
2. Covenant
3. Interpretation
4. Pilgrimage
5. Atonement
Group Activity
• You will be divided into groups and
asked to do some research for the Spoke
Chart on Christianity. You will present
your findings to the class.
• Expectation: You may use technology or
our handout on Christianity.
• Everyone needs to work and research.
Find more than what is on the sheet.
Questions are encouraged for discussion
Largest religious group in the world - approx. 2 bil (34%)
Basic belief:
There is only one God, Jesus was his Son sent to save humanity
from eternal sin. The way to heaven is to be absolved of all sin.
A basic summary of Christian belief is in the “Apostle’s Creed” with minor
changes according to denomination.
I believe in God, the Father Almighty,
the Creator of heaven and earth,
and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord:
Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried.
He descended into hell.
The third day He arose again from the dead.
He ascended into heaven
and sits at the right hand of God the Father
Almighty,
whence He shall come to judge the living and
the dead.
Founder (s): Jesus Christ and his Apostles
Sacred Text:
The Christian Bible (Old & New Testaments)
Old Testament: creation; covenant with the Jews; escape from Egypt;
prediction of the coming Messiah
New Testament: life of Jesus Christ; development of the early
church; end of the world
Place of worship: church
Denominations: Catholic, Orthodox, & Protestant
Roman Catholic (largest):
Oldest organized Christian denomination;
Apostle Peter - 1st Pope;
The Pope is the spiritual leader of the RCC;
Vatican City is the center;
The Pope is considered infallible in matters of
doctrine and religious law;
Very structured religious service.
Eastern Orthodox:
federation of churches
(Russia, eastern Europe,
Asia);
very similar to Roman
Catholic; do not recognize
the Pope
Protestant:
hundreds of denominations; movement began in 1517 by Martin Luther who
protested the actions (95 theses) of the RCC (Protestant Reformation)
services less structured;
major Protestants groups are Anglican (Episcopal), Methodists, Lutherans,
Presbyterian, Baptist.
Holy days: Christmas, Easter,
• Holy Places
– Wailing Wall
– Sacred Rock
– Mount of Olives
• Where Jesus went to
pray
– Church of the Holy
Sepulcher
• Place of Jesus’ tomb
•Islam means submission; follower of Islam is a Muslim
•Basic Belief: There is only one God (Allah) and Muhammed is
his prophet.
•Founder: Muhammed (early 600s A.D.)
Place of worship: mosque
All contain a mihrab - a niche pointing to the direction
of Mecca (Holy city)
Kaaba – center of the Holy Mosque in Mecca
A muezzin calls the followers to prayer from the
minaret
•Sacred Texts: The Quran, the Hadith, the Sunnah
Quran: God’s message revealed to Muhammed by
the angel Gabriel
Hadith: the life of Muhammed, what he said and
did
Sunnah: rules & regulations of Muslim life
according to Muhammed’s example
Five Pillars of Faith
1. shahadah or creed- statement of belief
There is no god but God and Muhammed is His Prophet.
2. salah or prayer- pray 5 times a day towards Mecca, before prayer
Muslims wash their face, hands, and feet
3. zakat or charity- 2.5% of wealth given to the poor; purification of wealth
4. sawn or fasting- month of Ramadan, fast during daylight hours
5. hajj or pilgrimage- all able Muslims are required to make the journey at
least once
Spiritual Leader: no organized priesthood, anyone can lead
prayer but large mosques will have an imam to lead prayers and
preach
Denominations:
Sunni (majority); believe Muhammad’s successor should be
elected
Shi’ite; believe Muhammad’s successor should be blood
relative; Ayatollah is leader
Major Holiday: Ramadan- 9th month of the lunar calendar
commemorating the Koran being sent down to the people
Holy Places
Mecca
- birthplace of Muhammad
Medina
- city where Muhammad brought all the
city’s tribes under religion of Islam
Dome of the Rock
- where Muhammad ascended into heaven
Other terms:
• Caliph
– Religious/political leader of Islam
• Sufi
– Mystical sect of Islam
• Jihad
– War waged for Allah